PIV study of vortexing during draining from square tanks

Sohn, Chang Hyun; Ju, M. G.; Gowda, B. H. Lakshmana

doi:10.1007/s12206-010-0207-9

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…10 He suggested that interaction of draining liquid with sharp corners has led to the vortex suppression in square and rectangular tanks. Results of PIV studies of Sohn et al 11 also comply with the findings of Gowda. 10 Nazir and Sohn 12,13 revealed in their study that axial and swirl velocities can significantly influence the phenomenon of air core vortexing.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…As density of air r air is much less than density of water r, the term in equation ( 10) can be neglected. The resulting equation is given by equation ( 11), from which one can infer that pressure inside the forced vortex is not a function of radial distance r. This follows that the pressure at the center of the drain port P has the same value as the pressure at r = R max as revealed in equation (11). It should be noted that, in equations ( 10) and ( 11), P N is defined as the pressure at an infinite radial location from the center of the cylinder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Air core vortexing in liquid draining tanks: Influence of surface roughness

Prabhu

Nair²,

Kumar

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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This paper study the influence of roughness of the tank base in the formation of air core vortex when liquid inside the cylindrical tank is rotated and subsequently drained. The vortex air core formation in drain tanks can lead to the blockage of drain port and can result in reduced discharge of draining liquid as an immediate consequence. The formation of such a vortex in propellant tanks of spacecraft and rockets will lead to underutilization of propellants and can adversely affect the performance of rocket engines. Ingestion of air core vortex in metal casting process can affect the mechanical properties of casted metal. Hence, suppression of air core vortex is inevitable in the fields of aerospace, metal casting and other hydraulic engineering systems. Current study makes use of roughness of the tank base to suppress vortexing which is the first of its kind and therefore, novel. Experimental investigations have been carried out at several values of roughness height and initial fluid rotation to study the characteristics of air core vortex. It is found that at the highest value of initial rotation provided to the liquid, air core vortexing can be subdued up to 25% by making use of base roughness. Current study also recommends drain tank manufacturers not to smoothen the tank base surface spending time at extra cost. In addition, applying roughness on the tank base will further weaken the formation of air core vortex, in the light of this study.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Air core vortexing in liquid draining tanks: Influence of surface roughness

Prabhu

Nair²,

Kumar

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…This liquid height is the critical height. By inserting r cr , as obtained by (5), into (4) and considering that at the critical height P r = P gas , the critical height is obtained as:…”

Section: Theoretical Approach For Predicting the Critical Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ramamurthi and Tharakan [3] studied the effectiveness of shaped ports in suppressing air vortex and they found that a stepped drain port is effective to prevent vortex formation. Sohn et al [4] used the tanks of square cross-section for suppressing the vortex formation. Lakshmana Gowda et al [2] have suggested the dish-type (or cu-shaped) suppressor to prevent vortex formation during draining after imparting initial rotation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Height of a Liquid Being Drained from the Tank with Bell-Mouth Drain Port

Mohammadi

Karimi

Islami

et al. 2012

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Vortexing occurs during draining of liquid from tanks. We studied the critical height of a liquid being drained from tank, that is, the liquid height at the moment when the air-core vortex reaches to the drain port. We firstly performed some experiments for determining the critical height, and then based upon the information obtained from the experiments; a simple analytical expression was derived to predict the critical height. The experimental results show that the vortex suppressor, which is suggested in the present paper, could effectively reduce the strength of vortex and consequently reduce the critical height. The results also show that the new analytical expression can predict the critical height with less than 20% error when vortex suppressor is used. To the best of our knowledge, draining from tanks with bell-mouth drain ports has not been paid attention to by other authors.

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“…They reported that base inclination as well as position of drain ports eccentric to the tank axis can reduce the critical height. Sohn et al 9,22 analyzed the influence of eccentric drain holes and square cross-section tanks on vortex motion through experiments with rotating tanks. Adopting Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique for flow visualization, they concluded that (a) tank rotation speed did not influence critical height above 90 rpm and (b) eccentric drain ports as well as square tanks reduce the intensity of vortexing phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical models for critical heights of vortexing in flat and spherical bottom tanks with siphon and bottom drains

Nageswaran,

Prabhu,

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G:

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Critical height or critical submergence is liquid level at which air-core vortex extends from the free surface into drain hole when a liquid is drained from a container/tank. Extensive analytical and experimental studies have been reported on critical height of bath tub vortex, for liquid draining downward from flat bottom propellant tanks. Rockets making use of liquid propellants mostly employ spherical bottom propellant tanks as well as siphon or upward drain flow. Keeping in view of such practical applications, analytical models are developed for critical height, considering the effects of siphon drain and the shape of tank bottom. Additional design parameters influencing the behavior for each case are identified. Appropriate governing equations and a solution methodology are developed pertinent to the system considered, to predict the critical height for siphon drain and spherical bottom tank independently as well as for both combined. The results indicate that the critical height for spherical bottom tank is higher than for flat bottom tank, due to higher local flow velocity. Siphon geometry can be designed for critical height much less than normal drain from flat bottom tank. These observations are in accordance with the results published in the literature. This paper reports the analytical models and solution methodology to predict the critical height for vortexing for normal draining from spherical tank bottom, siphon draining from both flat and spherical bottom tanks.

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PIV study of vortexing during draining from square tanks

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Air core vortexing in liquid draining tanks: Influence of surface roughness

Air core vortexing in liquid draining tanks: Influence of surface roughness

The Critical Height of a Liquid Being Drained from the Tank with Bell-Mouth Drain Port

Analytical models for critical heights of vortexing in flat and spherical bottom tanks with siphon and bottom drains

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