Pityriasis rosea, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthem, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, and eruptive hypomelanosis: do their epidemiological data substantiate infectious etiologies?

Abstract

Many clinical and laboratory-based studies have been reported for skin rashes which may be due to viral infections, namely pityriasis rosea (PR), Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS), asymmetric periflexural exanthem/unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (APE/ULE), papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS), and eruptive pseudo-angiomatosis (EP). Eruptive hypomelanosis (EH) is a newly discovered paraviral rash. Novel tools are now available to investigate the epidemiology of these rashes. To retrieve epidemiological data of these exanthema and analyze whether such substantiates or refutes infectious etiologies. We searched for articles published over the last 60 years and indexed by PubMed database. We then analyzed them for universality, demography, concurrent patients, temporal and spatial-temporal clustering, mini-epidemics, epidemics, and other clinical and geographical associations. Based on our criteria, we selected 55, 60, 29, 36, 20, and 4 articles for PR, GCS, APE/ULE, PPGSS, EP, and EH respectively. Universality or multiple-continental reports are found for all exanthema except EH. The ages of patients are compatible with infectious causes for PR, GCS, APE/ULE, and EH. Concurrent patients are reported for all. Significant patient clustering is demonstrated for PR and GCS. Mini-epidemics and epidemics have been reported for GCS, EP, and EH. The current epidemiological data supports, to a moderate extent, that PR, GCS, and APE could be caused by infectious agents. Support for PPGSS is marginal. Epidemiological evidences for infectious origins for EP and EH are inadequate. There might be growing epidemiological evidence to substantiate or to refute our findings in the future.

Acral‐accentuated exanthem in an infant with parechovirus meningitis

“…Paraviral palmoplantar erythema was self‐limiting in this case and did not require specific treatment. This observation can be added to the list of lesser‐known parainfectious exanthems …”

General and Ophthalmic Manifestations of Herpes Virus Infections

“…Папулезный акродерматит у детей (синдром Джианотти-Крости), папуло-пурпурный синдром «перчаток и но-сков» могут быть вызваны ВЭБ, ЦМВ, ВГЧ-6 и ВГЧ-7, а также некоторыми другими вирусами [44,45].…”

Superimposed lateralized exanthem in a 30-year-old woman

“…Also known as unilateral laterothoracic exanthem or asymmetric periflexural exanthem, superimposed lateralized exanthem is a distinctive skin eruption that typically starts unilaterally in or around the axilla and spreads down the side of the trunk and medial surface of the corresponding arm. 1 Because a less severe bilateral rash appears during the course of the disease in most cases, the term "superimposed lateralized exanthem" seems more suitable than "unilateral laterothoracic exanthem." 2 The condition occurs mostly between infancy and the age of four years and it has only rarely been described in adults.…”

“…2 The condition occurs mostly between infancy and the age of four years and it has only rarely been described in adults. 1 It has been associated with viral infections including parvovirus B19, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. 1,3 The diagnosis is clinical; the differential diagnosis includes nonspecific viral rashes, contact dermatitis, toxicoderma and miliaria.…”

“…1 It has been associated with viral infections including parvovirus B19, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. 1,3 The diagnosis is clinical; the differential diagnosis includes nonspecific viral rashes, contact dermatitis, toxicoderma and miliaria. 4 The rash tends to resolve spontaneously within four to six weeks.…”