Pituitary imaging is indicated for the evaluation of hyperprolactinemia

Bayrak, Aykut; Saadat, Peyman; Mor, Eliran; Chong, Lisa; Paulson, Richard J.; Sokol, Rebecca Z.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.01.102

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…We noted no association between hyperandrogenism and hyperprolactinemia (no correlation between PRL and DHEAS or T levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome). The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia among patients with hypothyroidism was small (4.8%), a rate similar to the 1% to 3% previously reported (10)(11)(12)(13). A weak but significant correlation was noted between PRL and TSH levels, similar to that observed in men with idiopathic infertility (14).…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings in a population with infertility

Souter

Baltagi

Toth

2010

Fertility and Sterility

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings in a population with infertility

Souter

Baltagi

Toth

2010

Fertility and Sterility

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“…Este dato es similar al de Vilar y colaboradores (17) que fue del 56 %, mientras que en el de Bayrak y colaboradores (16) se hallaron adenomas en el 74 %. La frecuencia de otras enfermedades como hipotiroidismo y síndrome de ovario poliquístico fue del 17,8 % y el 13,3 %, respectivamente, similar a la informada en la literatura (5,16,18,19). Sin embargo, en la mayor parte de los casos las pacientes con dichos diagnósticos presentaban de forma concomitante prolactinoma.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Sin embargo, la mayoría de las pacientes en quienes se documentó el uso de estos medicamentos presentaron de forma concomitante prolactinoma. La hiperprolactinemia idiopática, diagnosticada por los hallazgos imaginológicos normales y la ausencia de otra causa que la explique, se presentó en 12 de las 45 pacientes (26,6 %), frecuencia similar al 26 % hallado por Bayrak y colaboradores (16), pero muy diferente de la informada por Souter y colaboradores (21), quienes estudiaron 88 pacientes y hallaron hiperprolactinemia idiopática en 60,9 % y prolactinomas solo en 19,5 %.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Características clínicas y presencia de prolactinoma en mujeres con hiperprolactinemia

López-Clavijo

Gaviria-Maya

Henao-Flórez

et al. 2016

iatreia

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Objetivos: caracterizar clínicamente a las pacientes que consultaron en InSer Pereira con diagnóstico de hiperprolactinemia, y determinar la prevalencia de prolactinomas.Metodología: descripción retrospectiva de 45 pacientes con diagnóstico de hiperprolactinemia y estudio por resonancia magnética (RM) contrastada de la silla turca entre enero del 2008 y julio del 2013. Se evaluaron las manifestaciones clínicas, la etiología, el nivel sérico de prolactina y los hallazgos imaginológicos.Resultados: las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron: infertilidad, galactorrea y oligomenorrea. Hubo 26 casos de prolactinoma (57,8 %) y 12 de hiperprolactinemia idiopá-tica (26,6 %). De los prolactinomas, 23 fueron microadenomas (tamaño promedio: 5,1 mm; DE ± 3,2 mm). El nivel sérico promedio de prolactina fue de 74,05 ng/mL (DE ± 13,33 ng/ mL). El 78 % de las pacientes con prolactinoma tenían la prolactina sérica por debajo de 70,0 ng/mL. No hubo asociación significativa entre el nivel sérico de prolactina y la presencia de prolactinoma.Conclusión: los prolactinomas son la principal causa de hiperprolactinemia y se encuentran en su mayor parte con elevaciones ligeras de la prolactina sérica. Se recomienda hacer RM contrastada de la silla turca en pacientes con hiperprolactinemia, independientemente del nivel de prolactina.

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“…7,15 A prolactinoma measuring 6-9 millimeters, characterized as microprolactinoma, is not at all micro-that is, small-and its presence and nature present no problem of identification, as it occupies almost all the pituitary gland, the height of which averages 7.2mm. 16,17 Moreover, it is associated with high prolactin values and the response to treatment is easily identified.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive personal experience. Validation of prolactin levels in menstrual disorders and in prolactinomas

Batrinos¹

2009

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It is now well established that hyperprolactinaemia is not rare and in the majority of cases is caused by a pituitary tumor, a prolactinoma. [1][2][3][4] However, despite a plethora of relevant publications there are still certain questions that have not been adequately addressed: 1. What is the upper normal level of serum prolactin beyond which the condition should be characterized as hyperprolactinaemia requiring evaluation by imaging. 2. What is the incidence of non-secreting adenomas of the pituitary that might be erroneously regarded as prolactinomas. 3. How long should medical treatment be continued in the case of a prolactinoma. In this communication an attempt is made to critically analyze results on prolactinaemia obtained in our laboratory over a long time period, a sort of "meta-analysis" of our previously published data, 5,6 aiming at reaching certain conclusions with practical implications for the clinician. Particular emphasis is placed on the prolactin levels in various menstrual disorders observed in 2500 women.The serum prolactin (PRL) level that warrants imaging investigation is controversial. Some authors Key words: Galactorrhoea, Hyperprolactinaemia, Menstrual disorders, Prolactinomas suggest evaluation only if the PRL value is >50 or >100μg/L, whereas most investigators rely on the upper limit of the reference range quoted in the commonly used commercial assays. These assays, however, are based on measurements performed in a limited number of persons and for this reason many Endocrine Centers prefer to create reference ranges of serum prolactin values based on their own normal or patient populations, a routine that has also been our policy. During a period of 12 years we have measured serum prolactin along with other hormones in 4199 women aged 14 to 43 years who presented at the Endocrine Unit of the Department of Pharmacology of the Athens Medical School with various endocrine disorders (Table 1).Of the 4199 women, 753 who were examined for infertility of the couple due mainly to male infertility had normal cycles and no clinically manifest endocrine disorder and can be considered as a sample of the normal population. The distribution frequency of serum prolactin values in this group shows a bellshaped curve positively skewed with 94.8% of the values between 1 and 20μg/L and a tail of scattered values up to 30μg/L. In the 11 cases with prolactin between 30 and 50μg/L three prolactinomas were found, while three of the four cases with prolactin over 50μg/L had a prolactinoma (Figure 1).Five hundred and nineteen patients examined for hirsutism with normal ovulatory cycles showed the same pattern of frequency distribution of prolactin, with 95.5% of the values within the range of 1 to 20μg/L and a few values over 20μg/L in which no

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Pituitary imaging is indicated for the evaluation of hyperprolactinemia

Cited by 48 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings in a population with infertility

Prevalence of hyperprolactinemia and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings in a population with infertility

Características clínicas y presencia de prolactinoma en mujeres con hiperprolactinemia

Extensive personal experience. Validation of prolactin levels in menstrual disorders and in prolactinomas

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