Pituitary and Interrenal Function in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L., Teleostei) after Handling and Confinement Stress

Rotllant, Josep; Balm, P.H.M.; Pérez‐Sánchez, Jaume; Wendelaar-Bonga, S.E.; Tort, L.

doi:10.1006/gcen.2001.7604

Cited by 166 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As such, our findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the dynamic changes in food intake, growth and energy mobilization that characterize various chronic stressors and life history transitions. Consistent with the negative feedback effects of glucocorticoids on pituitary pomc expression and plasma ACTH levels in other fish species (Pickering et al 1987, Rotllant et al 2001, Karsi et al 2005, we show that moderate sustained increases in cortisol levels can chronically decrease pituitary pomc-a2 expression and plasma ACTH levels in rainbow trout. Moreover, we provide novel evidence that the negative feedback effects of cortisol on plasma ACTH can persist for at least 8 days beyond the return of cortisol to baseline levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Madison

Tavakoli

Krämer

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which cortisol suppresses growth during chronic stress in fish, we characterized the effects of chronic cortisol on food intake, mass gain, the expression of appetite-regulating factors, and the activity of the GH/IGF axis. Fish given osmotic pumps that maintained plasma cortisol levels at w70 or 116 ng/ml for 34 days were sampled 14, 28 and 42 days post-implantation. Relative to shams, the cortisol treatments reduced food intake by 40-60% and elicited marked increases in liver leptin (lep-a1) and brain preoptic area (POA) corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) mRNA levels. The cortisol treatments also elicited 40-80% reductions in mass gain associated with increases in pituitary gh, liver gh receptor (ghr), liver igfI and igf binding protein (igfbp)-1 and -2 mRNA levels, reduced plasma GH and no change in plasma IGF1. During recovery, while plasma GH and pituitary gh, liver ghr and igfI gene expression did not differ between treatments, the high cortisol-treated fish had lower plasma IGF1 and elevated liver igfbp1 mRNA levels. Finally, the cortisol-treated fish had higher plasma glucose levels, reduced liver glycogen and lipid reserves, and muscle lipid content. Thus, our findings suggest that the growth-suppressing effects of chronic cortisol in rainbow trout result from reduced food intake mediated at least in part by increases in liver lep-a1 and POA crf mRNA, from sustained increases in hepatic igfbp1 expression that reduce the growth-promoting actions of the GH/IGF axis, and from a mobilization of energy reserves.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Madison

Tavakoli

Krämer

et al. 2015

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…It is manifested as a result of anaerobic metabolism in white muscle. Both acute and chronic stressors elicit a rise in plasma lactate levels, presumably primarily due to physical disturbance and hypoxia arising from the onset of stressful conditions, and this response has been widely used as an indicator of stress in fish (Huber et al, 1989;Rotllant et al, 2001). Results in the present study are consistent with those from others (Schoonbee et al, 1989;Vijayan and Moon, 1992;Vijayan et al, 1994;Barton et al, 1998;Iversen et al, 1998;Barton et al, 2000) with confined groups displaying a rapid increase in plasma lactate levels within 2 hours of the onset of confinement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During prolonged exposure to a stressor a number of mechanisms may help to reduce the deleterious effects of elevated blood cortisol levels. These include: (i) negative feedback of cortisol on the release of the hypothalamic and pituitary hormones that promote its secretion (Barton et al, 1987); (ii) desensitisation of the interrenal tissue to ACTH stimulation (Barton and Iwama, 1991;Rotllant et al, 2001); (iii) increased cortisol degradation rate (Vijayan and Leatherland, 1990); (iv) desensitisation of target tissues to cortisol via a reduction in the abundance of cortisol receptors (Pottinger, 1990). There is considerable interindividual variability in stress-induced cortisol levels and this has a genetic basis (Fevolden et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress

Trenzado

Carrick

Pottinger

2003

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Abstract. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) of two lines selected for low (LR) and high (HR) cortisol stress-responsiveness were subjected to confinement for a period of 336 hours.Endocrine (plasma cortisol, hepatic cortisol binding) and metabolic (plasma glucose, lactate, amino acids; hepatic glycogen and alanine aminotransferase levels) indices of stress were measured at intervals in confined and unconfined fish of both lines. During confinement plasma cortisol concentration reached maximum values earlier in HR fish (2 hours) than in LR fish (6 hours) returning to control values within 336 hours in both lines. Paradoxically, although both HR and LR lines displayed a characteristic metabolic stress response, these changes were more pronounced in LR fish. Plasma glucose and lactate levels increased during confinement in both lines but to a significantly greater extent in LR fish. Confinement significantly elevated plasma amino acids to a greater extent in LR fish than in HR fish. Liver glycogen concentration was depleted most rapidly in LR fish but was significantly higher in confined fish of both lines than controls at the end of the experiment. No significant changes were observed in hepatic alanine aminotransferase activity during confinement. Confined fish of both lines displayed a decrease in hepatic cortisol receptor abundance within 24 h and this was more sustained in HR fish. The more pronounced disturbance of a broad range of indicators of stress in confined LR fish, compared to HR fish, throws doubt on the magnitude of the cortisol response being the primary driver of these differences.

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“…Assays for determination of stress. Serum cortisol levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) according to Rottlant et al (2001) and expressed as ng/ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of β-Glucan on cold-stress resistance of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

Soltanian¹,

Adloo²,

Hafeziyeh³

et al. 2014

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:These experiments were performed to determine the effects of dietary β-glucan on stress responses of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). Fish were fed for nine weeks with a diet containing 0 (control), 0.5% (G1), 1% (G2) and 2% (G3 group) β-glucan. Subsequently, stress responses were studied by evaluating serum cortisol and glucose levels following a constant 24 h cold shock (from 28 °C to 15 °C). Serum cortisol and glucose concentrations were measured after cold treatments of varying durations (prior to, and after one, 12 and 24 h of cold shock stress, respectively). No differences in serum cortisol and glucose levels were found between control and β-glucan-treated fish. However, the mortality rate was significantly lowered in cold challenged fish fed appropriate doses of β-glucan (in G1 and G2 vs. G3 and control group). The results of the present study demonstrate that a proper administration of β-glucan in the diet could ameliorate the detrimental effects of a severe stress resulting in a reduction in fish mortality.

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Pituitary and Interrenal Function in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L., Teleostei) after Handling and Confinement Stress

Cited by 166 publications

References 40 publications

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Chronic cortisol and the regulation of food intake and the endocrine growth axis in rainbow trout

Divergence of endocrine and metabolic responses to stress in two rainbow trout lines selected for differing cortisol responsiveness to stress

Effect of β-Glucan on cold-stress resistance of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)

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