Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-27 (PACAP-27) is co-stored with galanin, substance P and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in intrapancreatic ganglia of the sheep

Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide existing in two variant forms (of either 27 or 38 residues), widely present in numerous organs and evoking multiple effects both in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the distribution pattern of PACAP-27 expression in the ovine pancreas. Using double immunohistochemical stainings co-localizations of PACAP-27 with galanin, SP or CRF were studied in intrapancreatic neurons. In intrapancreatic ganglia, immunoreactivty to PACAP-27 was found in 87.6 ± 5.4% of PGP 9.5-positive intrapancreatic neurons but not in intraganglionic nerve fibres. Numerous PACAP-27-immunoreactive nerve terminals were also observed between pancreatic acini and around small arterioles. No immunoreactivity to PACAP-27 was found in the endocrine pancreas. In 42.9 ± 6.2% of PACAP-27-immunoreactive intrapancreatic neurons the expression of galanin was also found. Statistically lower subpopulation (12.4 ± 4.0%) of intrapancreatic neurons exhibited simultaneously the immunoreactivity to PACAP-27 and SP. The expression of CRF was detected in the relatively smallest group (3.2 ± 1.4%) of PACAP-27-positive intrapancreatic neurons. The present results suggest that in the ovine pancreas PACAP-27 may play an important role as mediator of pancreatic functions. In PACAP-related pancreatic activities, a modulatory role of galanin, SP and to a lower extend of CRF is also likely.

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) in Physiological and Pathological Processes within the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review

“…The presence of PACAP in the GI tract has been described in various mammal species, including humans [7,10,11,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, it should be emphasized that the distribution of PACAP differs between different parts of the GI tract in the same species and shows interspecies differences.…”

Do Neuroendocrine Peptides and Their Receptors Qualify as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Osteoarthritis?

“…Catecholaminergic sympathetic neurons often co-express neuropeptide Y (NPY) [ 18 , 19 ], whereas ACh co-localizes with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) [ 20 , 21 ]. Alongside, peptides like pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) and enkephalin and somatostatin have been described in the sympathetic nervous system [ 22 , 23 ]. In this review, we will focus on the peptidergic co-transmitters of peripheral sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, especially in the musculoskeletal system.…”

Intrapancreatic Ganglia and Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Endocrine Secretion

“…PACAP is co-localized with VIP in the neurons of the rat pancreas (Hannibal and Fahrenkrug, 2000). PACAP is also co-localized with galanin, SP, and corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) in the intrapancreatic ganglia of the sheep pancreas (Arciszewski et al, 2015). Moreover, both galanin and NPY can be observed in intrapancreatic ganglia of the bovine pancreas (Furuzawa et al, 1996; Myojin et al, 2000; Adeghate et al, 2001), with galanin being more frequently observed than NPY (Myojin et al, 2000).…”