Pitch‐Based Laminated Carbon Formed by Pressure Driving at Low Temperature as High‐Capacity Anodes for Lithium Energy Storage Systems

Abstract

Pitch hasb een used to prepare electrodes by high-temperature heat treatments for supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, on account of its rich aromatic ring structure. Here, the toluene-soluble component of pitch is used to prepare ak ind of laminated carbon.T his was realized by at emplate-free synthesis at low temperature with the addition of pressure. Thet oluene-soluble component has as mall molecular weight, which makes the thermal deformation ability stronger and then enhances the orientation of the carbon layer with the help of pressure. The prepared anode exhibits as plendid electrochemical performance compared with the traditional graphite anode. Ah igh stable capacity of approximately 550 mAh g À1 at 50 mA g À1 ,w hich is much higher than graphite (372 mAh g À1), is obtained. Also, when the current density is up to 2Ag À1 ,t he capacity is about 150 mAh g À1 .S urprisingly,i ta lso delivers as uperior cycling performance. And when used as the anode/cathode electrode for lithium-ion capacitors, ah igh energy density can be obtained. The present work offers an opportunity to utilize the pitch source in lithium energy storagew ith promising cycle life, high energy/power density,a nd low cost.

Confining Ionic Liquids in Developing Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…[7,8] The theoretical specific capacity of lithium is as high as 3860 mAh g À 1 , [9,10] and for comparison, that of present graphite is only 372 mAh g À 1 . [11,12] For LMBs, similar to LIBs, electrolytes can be typical liquid organic electrolytes, quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs), and all-solid-state electrolytes. [13][14][15][16] Liquid electrolytes often suffer from long-standing inherent and intractable problems, such as leakage, thermal runaway, combustion, generating toxic gas, and even explosions, owing to their volatility and flammability.…”

“…Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), a “beyond Li‐ion” technology, have been proposed as one of the most promising candidates to develop next‐generation batteries [7,8] . The theoretical specific capacity of lithium is as high as 3860 mAh g −1 , [9,10] and for comparison, that of present graphite is only 372 mAh g −1 [11,12] . For LMBs, similar to LIBs, electrolytes can be typical liquid organic electrolytes, quasi‐solid‐state electrolytes (QSSEs), and all‐solid‐state electrolytes [13–16] .…”

Coaxial Electrospinning Construction Si@C Core–Shell Nanofibers for Advanced Flexible Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most promising energy storage systems, are being used in many applications, from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles and other power storage platforms [1][2][3]. However, the commercial graphite anode with its limited theoretical capacity (372 mAhg −1 ) deadlocks the long-term development of LIBs [4]. Among all other anode materials, silicon is garnering a great deal of attention due to its high theoretical capacity (about 4200 mAh g −1 ) and its low working potential (~0.5 V vs. Li/Li + ) [5].…”

Iron Gallium Oxide with High-Capacity and Super-Rate Performance as New Anode Materials for Li-Ion Capacitors

“…When the power density is 173.66 Wkg −1 , the Li-ion BSHD can gain a maximum energy density of 107.19 Wh kg −1 , and when the energy density is 44.24 Wh kg −1 , it can achieve a maximum power density of 4126.01 W kg −1 , which shows the synergy after combining the advantages of LIB's high energy density and SC's high power density. Furthermore, this work is compared with the recently reported power density and energy density of Li-ion capacitor devices, such as Pitch-based carbon//activated R LIC, 51 Li 3 VO 4 //AC, 52 Nb 2 O 5 -CNT// AC, 53 and B-TiO 2 //AC. 54 It can be seen that the performance of this work is better than other reported work.…”