Piscine Macrophage Function and Nutritional Influences: A Review

Abstract

Macrophage function is an important factor in resistance to infectious diseases in fish. Macrophages are the principal phagocytic cells and play an integral role in the specific immune response. Several factors, including nutrition and environmental stress, are known to affect macrophage function. In economically important cultured fish, the potential for enhancing macrophage function through dietary manipulation is especially attractive. This paper reviews the functions of macrophages, methodologies for their collection, assays to study various functions, and the influences of various nutritional factors on macrophage function. Macrophage Function in FishFish, like other vertebrates, respond to infectious agents in both specific and nonspecific manners. Specific mechanisms are generally regarded as the immune response. Fish appear to have most of the same cellular and humoral immune components as warm-blooded vertebrates. Perhaps the most significant difference is the temperature dependence of certain aspects of the immune response (Cuchens and Clem 1977;Avtalion 1981). In addition, the magnitude of the piscine response is often smaller, and the peak primary or secondary response is often delayed when compared with that of mammalian species.The first and often most important responses of fish to infectious agents are nonspecific. These include the soluble and cellular factors of acute in-

PERBANDINGAN PATOGENESITAS, Edwardsiella tarda PADA IKAN MAS KOKI (Charassius auratus) DAN IKAN CELEBES RAINBOW (Telmatherina celebensis)

“…Serum dan phagocyte-mediated killing merupakan 2 sistem pertahanan utama pada kekebalan non spesifik di ikan (Blazer, 1991;Dalmo et al, 1997dalam Rao et al, 2001 (Hubert, 1980dalam Anonim, 2007.…”

Ultrastructural observations on the phagocytic behavior of winter flounder Pleuronectes americanus peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages in vivo

“…As indicated in a number of recent reviews (Blazer 1991, Ainsworth 1992, Hine 1992, Secombes & Fletcher 1992, the phagocytic behavior of both macrophages and neutrophils plays an important role in the nonspecific defense mechanisms of teleost fish. Although the cytological characteristics and phagocytic nature of both these cell types have been extensively studied in certain groups of fishes (e.g.…”

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and Terribacillus saccharophillus on Innate Immune Responses of a Tropical Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita

“…Results on phagocytic activity measured in terms of percentage of phagocytic cells; respiratory burst activity (OD at 540 nm) measured in terms of release of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and myeloperoxidase activity (U/ml) measured in terms of release of hypochlorous acid from hydrogen peroxidase and chloride ions are presented in Tables 1, 2 Phagocytic cells (=granulocytes, monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils) are specialized for the pursuit, capture, ingestion and intracellular destruction of invading microbes by phagocytosis, which is one of the most important process in all poikilothermic animals [26][27][28]. Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in phagocytosis in fish [29].…”