piRNAs and PIWI proteins: From biogenesis to their role in cancer

Balmeh, Negar; Mahmoudi, Samira; Karabedianhajiabadi, Anasik

doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2020.101013

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 152 publications

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“…These proteins form specific RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs) with piRNAs called piRISCs (65). There are four known human Piwi proteins to date: Hiwi (also known as Piwil1), Hili (Piwil2), Hiwi2 (Piwil4) and Hiwi3 (Piwil3) (66). Piwi proteins are predominantly localized to the nucleus, where they colocalize with known epigenetic modifiers, such as polycomb group proteins (67).…”

Section: Te Silencing By P-element-induced Wimpy Testisinteracting Rn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transposable elements and Piwi‑interacting RNAs in hemato‑oncology with a focus on myelodysplastic syndrome (Review)

Merkerová

Krejčík

2021

Int J Oncol

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Our current understanding of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation and the abnormalities that lead to leukemogenesis originates from the accumulation of knowledge regarding protein-coding genes. However, the possible impact of transposable element (TE) mobilization and the expression of P-element-induced WImpy testis-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) on leukemogenesis has been beyond the scope of scientific interest to date. The expression profiles of these molecules and their importance for human health have only been characterized recently due to the rapid progress of high-throughput sequencing technology development. In the present review, current knowledge on the expression profile and function of TEs and piRNAs was summarized, with specific focus on their reported involvement in leukemogenesis and pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Contents1. Introduction 2. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) 3. Transposable elements (TEs) 4. TE silencing by P-element-induced WImpy testis-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) 5. Methods for the exploration of TEs and piRNAs 6. TEs and piRNAs in somatic and cancer cells 7. TEs in leukemia and MDS 8. piRNAs in leukemia and MDS 9. Conclusions Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)MDS represents a spectrum of HSC disorders that is characterized by impaired hematopoiesis, peripheral blood cytopenia and a tendency toward leukemic transformation (3).

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Section: Te Silencing By P-element-induced Wimpy Testisinteracting Rn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accumulating evidence has documented the important roles of TEs and piRNAs in human carcinogenesis (6,66,101,102). Mobile TEs are considered to be highly mutagenic, where their transposition can cause mutational events that are associated with cancer development and progression (102).…”

Section: Tes and Pirnas In Somatic And Cancer Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transposable elements and Piwi‑interacting RNAs in hemato‑oncology with a focus on myelodysplastic syndrome (Review)

Merkerová

Krejčík

2021

Int J Oncol

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“…This same mechanism of post-transcriptional silencing can be also exerted on TEs to maintain genome integrity [ 58 , 60 ]. In fact, the ping-pong mechanism for piRNA amplification uses a similar process to selectively detect and slice the RNAs from transposons, inducing a post-transcriptional silencing of TEs [ 28 , 50 ].…”

Section: The Functions Of the Pirna/piwi Complexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Emerging Role of PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Updated Perspective

Riquelme

Pérez-Moreno

Letelier

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers produce ~3.4 million related deaths worldwide, comprising 35% of all cancer-related deaths. The high mortality among GI cancers is due to late diagnosis, the presence of metastasis and drug resistance development. Additionally, current clinical markers do not adequately guide patient management, thereby new and more reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets are still needed for these diseases. RNA-seq technology has allowed the discovery of new types of RNA transcripts including PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have particular characteristics that enable these molecules to act via diverse molecular mechanisms for regulating gene expression. Cumulative evidence has described the potential role of piRNAs in the development of several tumor types as a likely explanation for certain genomic abnormalities and signaling pathways’ deregulations observed in cancer. In addition, these piRNAs might be also proposed as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets in malignancies. This review describes important topics about piRNAs including their molecular characteristics, biosynthesis processes, gene expression silencing mechanisms, and the manner in which these transcripts have been studied in samples and cell lines of GI cancers to elucidate their implications in these diseases. Moreover, this article discusses the potential clinical usefulness of piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GI cancers.

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“…piRNAs and PIWI proteins were proved to have an important role in the control, prognosis, and treatment of many types of tumors. Making them eligible to be used as therapeutic and diagnostic tools for various types of cancer [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

piRNA-823 Is a Unique Potential Diagnostic Non-Invasive Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer Patients

Sabbah

Abdalla

Mawla

et al. 2021

Genes

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Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most important factor in deciding its prognosis, so the need to develop an accurate screening test is a must. P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI) RNA-823 (piR-823) is one of the first piRNAs recognized to be linked to malignancy. We aimed to investigate the expression levels of piR-823 in both serum and tissues of colorectal cancer patients and the ability to use its serum level as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker to detect colorectal cancer. We determined piR-823 expression levels in 84 serum samples of CRC patients, 75 serum samples of healthy controls, and biological specimens obtained from the 84 patients with colorectal cancer from both the tumor tissues and the normal neighboring tissues using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. We showed that piR-823 had significantly higher serum and tissue expression levels in CRC patients compared to the controls. We observed a significant positive correlation between piR-823 serum levels and the staging of CRC, with significantly higher levels exhibiting advanced stages of CRC (III and IV). This translates into poorer differentiation and lymph node metastasis. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) test showed 83.3% sensitivity and 89.3% specificity at a cut-off value of >5.98-fold change, with an area under the curve of 0.933 (p < 0.0001) concerning the ability of piR-823 in diagnosing patients with colorectal carcinoma. piR-823 expression is upregulated in colorectal cancer patients’ serum and tissues, and it can be used as a diagnostic noninvasive biomarker for CRC.

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piRNAs and PIWI proteins: From biogenesis to their role in cancer

Cited by 3 publications

References 152 publications

Transposable elements and Piwi‑interacting RNAs in hemato‑oncology with a focus on myelodysplastic syndrome (Review)

Transposable elements and Piwi‑interacting RNAs in hemato‑oncology with a focus on myelodysplastic syndrome (Review)

The Emerging Role of PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Updated Perspective

piRNA-823 Is a Unique Potential Diagnostic Non-Invasive Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer Patients

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