Piracetam and Vinpocetine Exert Cytoprotective Activity and Prevent Apoptosis of Astrocytes In Vitro in Hypoxia and Reoxygenation

Gabryel, Bożena; Adamek, Mariusz; Pudełko, Anna; Małecki, Andrzej; Trzeciak, Henryk I.

doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(02)00004-9

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Next, the laser intensity was increased by ϫ25 (AOTF ϭ 50%, zoom ϭ Ϸϫ10), and the target lacuna was photobleached for Ϸ15 sec. Control experiments with cultured MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells verified that exposure to this level of laser intensity did not result in cell death, based on uptake of ethidium homodimer-1 (33). Finally, the laser intensity and zoom were immediately reset to prebleach levels (AOTF ϭ 20%, zoom ϭ ϫ1), and the full field was imaged for 30 more frames to capture the time course (Ϸ120 sec) of fluorescence recovery in the photobleached lacuna until a plateau of fluorescence intensity was reached.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

In situ measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system

Wang

Han

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

212

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Solute transport through the bone lacunar-canalicular system is believed to be essential for osteocyte survival and function but has proved difficult to measure. We report an approach that permits direct measurement of real-time solute movement in intact bones. By using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, the movement of a vitally injected fluorescent dye (sodium fluorescein) among individual osteocytic lacunae was visualized in situ beneath the periosteal surface of mouse cortical bone at depths up to 50 m with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Transport was analyzed by using a two-compartment mathematical model of solute diffusion that accounted for the characteristic anatomical features of the lacunar-canalicular system. The diffusion coefficient of fluorescein (376 Da) was determined to be 3.3 ؎ 0.6 ؋ 10 ؊6 cm 2 ͞sec, which is 62% of its diffusion coefficient in water and is similar to diffusion coefficients measured for comparably sized molecules in cartilage. The diffusion of fluorescein in bone is also consistent with the presence of an osteocyte pericellular matrix whose structure resembles that proposed for the endothelial glycocalyx diffusion coefficient ͉ fiber matrix theory ͉ fluorescence recovery after photobleaching ͉ osteocyte ͉ confocal microscopy

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

In situ measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system

Wang

Han

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

184

212

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“…Our previous studies showed that TLR3 ligand Poly I:C preconditioning protects mixed cortical cultures against OGDinduced injury and inhibits OGD-induced IL-6 release [14] . In the present study, we further examined the neuroprotective potential of Poly I:C in cultured rat astrocytes in a simulated ischemia model, which may contribute to clarifying our understanding of drug mechanisms that protect the brain against ischemic injury [20][21][22] . Our study showed that the TLR3 agonist Poly I:C can reduce ischemic damage to astrocytes in a simulated ischemic condition, as indicated by cellular morphology, mitochondrial function and LDH leakage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-like receptor 3 agonist Poly I:C protects against simulated cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo

et al. 2012

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Aim: To examine the neuroprotective effects of the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist Poly I:C in acute ischemic models in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Primary astrocyte cultures subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were used as an in vitro simulated ischemic model. Poly I:C was administrated 2 h before OGD. Cell toxicity was measured using MTT assay and LDH leakage assay. The levels of TNFα, IL-6 and interferon-β (IFNβ) in the media were measured using ELISA. Toll/interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFNβ (TRIF) protein levels were detected using Western blot analysis. A mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was u sed for in vivo study. The animals were administered Poly I:C (0.3 mg/kg, im) 2 h before MCAO, and examined with neurological deficit scoring and TTC staining. The levels of TNFα and IL-6 in ischemic brain were measured using ELISA. Results: Pretreatment with Poly I:C (10 and 20 μg/mL) markedly attenuated OGD-induced astrocyte injury, and significantly raised the cell viability and reduced the LDH leakage. Poly I:C significantly upregulated TRIF expression accompanied by increased downstream IFNβ production. Moreover, Poly I:C significantly suppressed the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6 production. In mice subjected to MCAO, administration of Poly I:C significantly attenuated the neurological deficits, reduced infarction volume, and suppressed the increased levels of TNFα and IL-6 in the ischemic striatum and cortex. Conclusion: Poly I:C pretreatment exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in the simulated cerebral ischemia models, and the neuroprotection is at least in part due to the activation of the TLR3-TRIF pathway.

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“…Changes in the spatial distribution of apoptotic cells induced by crush injuries to nerves were visualized and quantified using Hoechst 33342, a DNA-binding nuclear dye commonly used as an apoptosis marker (Ormerod et al, 1993;Belloc et al, 1994;Mitrovic et al, 1995;Reynolds et al, 1996;Siman et al, 1999;Allen et al, 2001;Choi et al, 2002;Gabryel et al, 2002). Figure 3A illustrates that a small number of faint fluorescence Hoechst 33342-labeled cells (as visualized by the green dots indicating their nuclei) are evenly distributed throughout uninjured RIP nerves.…”

Section: Nuclear Marker Density Increases After Nerve Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal growth factor‐dependent enhancement of axonal regeneration in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis: Role of phagocyte survival

Hermann

Nicol

Nagle

et al. 2005

J of Comparative Neurology

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Peripheral nerve injury triggers complex responses from neuronal as well as from multiple nonneuronal cell types. These responses are coordinated by a wide spectrum of secreted and nonsecreted factors, including growth factors, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules. These molecules originate from different sources and act both locally at the site of injury as well as centrally at the location of the neuronal cell bodies. One of the signal systems frequently implicated in this process is the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family and its receptors. Expression of members of this family as well as that of EGF-receptors is upregulated in different cell types after peripheral nerve injury. However, the functional significance of this response is unclear. Using a simple invertebrate model system (Lymnaea stagnalis), the present study implicates the EGF/EGF-receptor system in the survival of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive phagocytes that reside in the nervous system. We show that inhibiting the EGF-signaling pathway enhances cell death in this type of cell, an effect paralleled by a substantial reduction in axonal regeneration. Therefore, complementing our previous observation that Lymnaea EGF provides trophic support to axotomized neurons, the present results emphasize the significance of nonneuronal actions of EGF receptor ligands in axonal regeneration. Thus, we add a novel perspective to the ongoing discussion on the functional significance of the EGF signaling system in the injury responses of the nervous system.

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Piracetam and Vinpocetine Exert Cytoprotective Activity and Prevent Apoptosis of Astrocytes In Vitro in Hypoxia and Reoxygenation

Cited by 56 publications

References 59 publications

In situ measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system

In situ measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system

Toll-like receptor 3 agonist Poly I:C protects against simulated cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo

Epidermal growth factor‐dependent enhancement of axonal regeneration in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis: Role of phagocyte survival

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