<i>In situ</i>
            measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system

Wang, Liyun; Wang, Yilin; Han, Yuefeng; Henderson, Scott C.; Majeska, Robert J.; Weinbaum, Sheldon; Schaffler, Mitchell B.

doi:10.1073/pnas.0505193102

Cited by 184 publications

(232 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The osteocyte was also modelled as an ellipsoid with minor and major axes of 7.5 and 13.5 mm, respectively, surrounded by a PCM of thickness 0.75 mm (McNamara et al 2009;You et al 2004). The cell processes were created by offsetting from the canaliculi by 0.08 mm (Wang et al 2005). …”

Section: Fsi Model Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ECM projections were modelled as conical protrusions, of height 0.08 µm and base radius 0.1 µm, which projected into the pericellular space in groups of four about the axis of the canaliculi (see Figure 2) (Wang et al 2005). PCM tethering elements were included as cylinders of length 0.08 µm and radius 0.008 µm (Lemonnier et al 2011;You et al 2004), attaching the canalicular wall to the osteocyte cell process (Wang et al 2005), and were organised in groups of eight about the axis of the canaliculi (see Figure 2).…”

Section: Fsi Model Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCM tethering elements were included as cylinders of length 0.08 µm and radius 0.008 µm (Lemonnier et al 2011;You et al 2004), attaching the canalicular wall to the osteocyte cell process (Wang et al 2005), and were organised in groups of eight about the axis of the canaliculi (see Figure 2). The ECM projections and PCM tethering elements were included at a spacing of 0.13 µm and 0.05 µm respectively, in order to closely represent their observed distribution in vivo (McNamara et al 2009;You et al 2004).…”

Section: Fsi Model Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of osteocyte stimulation in osteoporosis

Verbruggen

Vaughan

McNamara

2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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Experimental studies have shown that primary osteoporosis caused by oestrogen-deficiency results in localised alterations in bone tissue properties and mineral composition. Additionally, changes to the lacunar-canalicular architecture surrounding the mechanosensitive osteocyte have been observed in animal models of the disease. Recently, it has also been demonstrated that the mechanical stimulation sensed by osteocytes changes significantly during osteoporosis.Specifically, it was shown osteoporotic bone cells experience higher maximum strains than healthy bone cells after short durations of oestrogen deficiency. However, in long-term oestrogen deficiency there was no significant difference between bone cells in healthy and normal bone. The mechanisms by which these changes arise are unknown. In this study, we test the hypothesis that complex changes in tissue composition and lacunar-canalicular architecture during osteoporosis alter the mechanical stimulation of the osteocyte. The objective of this research is to employ computational methods to investigate the relationship between changes in bone tissue composition and microstructure and the mechanical stimulation of osteocytes during osteoporosis. By simulating physiological loading, it was observed that an initial decrease in tissue stiffness (of 0.425 GPa) and mineral content (of 0.66 wt% Ca) relative to controls could explain the mechanical stimulation observed at the early stages of oestrogen deficiency (5 weeks post-OVX) during in situ bone cell loading in an oestrogendeficient rat model of post-menopausal osteoporosis (Verbruggen et al. 2015). Moreover, it was found that a later increase in stiffness (of 1.175 GPa) and mineral content (of 1.64 wt% Ca) during long-term osteoporosis (34 weeks post-OVX), could explain the mechanical stimuli previously observed at a later time point due to the progression of osteoporosis. Furthermore, changes in canalicular tortuosity arising during osteoporosis were shown to result in increased osteogenic strain stimulation, though to a lesser extent than has been observed experimentally.The findings of this study indicate that changes in the extracellular environment during osteoporosis, arising from altered mineralisation and lacunar-canalicular architecture, lead to altered mechanical stimulation of osteocytes, and provide an enhanced understanding of changes in bone mechanobiology during osteoporosis.

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Section: Fsi Model Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fsi Model Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fsi Model Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanisms of osteocyte stimulation in osteoporosis

Verbruggen

Vaughan

McNamara

2016

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

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“…A possible explanation for this is the mechanism of alternative nutrient supply through solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system. 25 As no regenerative mechanisms were included in the current algorithm, our simulations may have over predicted the extent of thermal damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cementing technique and cement type on thermal necrosis in hip resurfacing arthroplasty—a numerical study

Janssen

Scheerlinck

2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Femoral fractures within resurfacing implants have been associated with bone necrosis, possibly resulting from heat generated by cement polymerization. The amount of heat generated depends on cement mantle volume and type of cement. Using finite element analysis, the effect of cement type and volume on thermal necrosis was analyzed. Based on CT-data of earlier implantations, two different models were created: a thick mantle model, representing a low-viscosity ''cement filling'' technique, and a thin mantle model, representing a high viscosity ''cement packing'' technique. Six cement types were analyzed. The polymerization heat generation and its effect on bone necrosis were predicted. In the thin cement mantle models, no thermal necrosis was predicted. Thick cement mantle models produced thermal necrosis at the cement-bone interface depending on cement type. In the worst case, 6% of the bone at the cement-bone interface became necrotic, covering almost the entire cross-sectional area. The current findings suggest a potential thermal drawback of thick cement mantles, although it is unclear whether thermal bone necrosis significantly affects implant fixation or increases the fracture risk. Furthermore, our study showed distinct differences between the heat generated and resulting thermal damage caused by the various cement types. Keywords: finite element analysis; bone cement; thermal necrosis; hip resurfacing arthroplasty Hip resurfacing arthroplasty is an alternative for total hip arthroplasty (THA), with the proposed benefits of bone stock preservation and increased stability. The most common causes for revision of resurfacing arthroplasty are fracture, loosening, and lysis. 1 Although most fractures occur at the implant rim, 20% occur within the femoral component. 2 These fractures have been associated with bone necrosis, 3 often occurring in the bone-cement interface region. It has been hypothesized that this necrotic layer is caused by heat generated by polymerizing bone cement, inducing thermal damage to the bone. 4 Since polymerization of bone cement is an exothermic reaction, the amount of heat generated is proportional to its volume. As a result, hip resurfacings with larger amounts of cement in the femoral head display more fibrous tissue at the cement-bone interface. 5,6 The size and shape of the cement mantle depends on the cementing technique and the type of cement. [7][8][9] The use of low viscosity cement poured into the femoral component 10 leads to a relatively deep cement penetration into the femoral head, 7-9 and a large total cement volume especially when anchoring holes are used. 8 In contrast, when high viscosity cement is manually applied to the femoral head, a more homogeneous, thinner cement mantle is obtained. 8,11 Another factor affecting the temperature rise is the polymerization properties of the cement. 12,13 A fast polymerizing cement will cause a higher peak temperature that will last for a short time, while slower polymerizing cement will cause a lower peak temperature t...

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“…In mice, lacunae in long bones are generally elliptical in shape but they can be round also, while their volume varies from 191 μm 3 to 274 μm 3 and their mean space is 26 μm (Wang et al 2005;Schneider et al 2010) However, in rabbit long bones lacunar volumes are about 350 μm 3 (Remaggi et al 1998). Lacunae are parallel to the axis of the bone and it is believed that this is due to the influence of mechanical loads (Vatsa et al 2008).…”

Section: Lacuno-canalicular Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones between some animal models and humans: a review

Cvetković¹,

Najman²,

Rajković³

et al. 2013

Vet. Med.

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Animal models are unavoidable and indispensable research tools in the fields of bone tissue engineering and experimental orthopaedics. The fact that there is not ideal animal model as well as the differences in the bone microarchitecture and physiology between animals and humans are complicate factors and make model implementation difficult. Therefore, the tendency should be directed towards extrapolation of the results from one animal model to another or from animal model to humans. So far, this is the first paper which provides an overview on the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones and discusses data related to osteon diameter, osteon canal diameter and their orientation, as well as intracortical canals and trabecular tissue microarchitecture in commonly used animal models compared to humans depending on age, gender and anatomical location of the bone. Understanding the differences between animal model and human bone microarchitecture should enable a more accurate extrapolation of experimental results from one animal model to another or from animal models to humans in the fields of bone tissue engineering and experimental orthopaedics. Also, this should be helpful in making decisions on which animal models are the most suitable for particular preclinical testing.

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In situ measurement of solute transport in the bone lacunar-canalicular system

Cited by 184 publications

References 38 publications

Mechanisms of osteocyte stimulation in osteoporosis

Mechanisms of osteocyte stimulation in osteoporosis

Effect of cementing technique and cement type on thermal necrosis in hip resurfacing arthroplasty—a numerical study

A comparison of the microarchitecture of lower limb long bones between some animal models and humans: a review

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