Pink-line syndrome, a physiological crisis in the scleractinian coral Porites lutea

Ravindran, J.; Raghukumar, Chandralata

doi:10.1007/s00227-005-0192-1

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The increase in TT of ramets of M. annularis with FTA removal was similar in corals with the absence (in comparison to the application) of stressors like sedimentation, White syndrome, bleaching, turbidity and light attenuation [47]–[49]. The increase in ZD in ramets with FTA removal was also similar to measurements of this biological parameter in corals with the absence of stressors like low seawater temperature regimes, exposure to cyanide, sedimentation and Pink-line syndrome [26], [50]–[52]. Moreover, TT of corals has been suggested as a high-priority bioindicator for long- and short-term environmental chronic effects on corals [48], and the loss of zooxanthellae has been proposed as an indicator of stress in corals [53].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Biological Responses of the Coral Montastraea annularis to the Removal of Filamentous Turf Algae

et al. 2013

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Coral reef degradation increases coral interactions with filamentous turf algae (FTA) and macroalgae, which may result in chronic stress for the corals. We evaluated the effects of short (2.5 month) and long (10 month) periods of FTA removal on tissue thickness (TT), zooxanthellae density (ZD), mitotic index (MI), and concentration of chlorophyll a (Chl a) in Montastraea annularis at the beginning and end of gametogenesis. Ramets (individual lobes within a colony) consistently surrounded by FTA and ramets surrounded by crustose coralline algae (CCA) were used as controls. FTA removal reduced coral stress, indicated by increased TT and ZD and lower MI. The measured effects were similar in magnitude for the short and long periods of algal removal. Ramets were more stressed at the end of gametogenesis compared with the beginning, with lower ZD and Chl a cm−2, and higher MI. However, it was not possible to distinguish the stress caused by the presence of FTA from that caused by seasonal changes in seawater temperature. Ramets surrounded by CCA showed less stress in comparison with ramets surrounded by FTA: with higher TT, Chl a cm−2 and ZD, and lower MI values. Coral responses indicated that ramets with FTA suffered the most deleterious effects and contrasted with those measured in ramets surrounded by CCA. According to published studies and our observations, there could be at least six mechanisms associated to FTA in the stress caused to M. annularis by FTA. Owing to the high cover of FTA (in contrast to macroalgae and CCA) in the Caribbean, the chronic stress, the overgrowth and mortality that this functional algal group can cause on M. annularis species complex, a further decline of this important reef-building coral in the Caribbean is expected.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Biological Responses of the Coral Montastraea annularis to the Removal of Filamentous Turf Algae

et al. 2013

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“…as a local response to stress (Bongiorni and Rinkevich 2005;Beeden et al 2008;Benzoni et al 2010), others link them to coral diseases (e.g. the pink-line syndrome of P. lutea; Ravindran and Raghukumar 2006) or the Porites trematodiasis (PorTrem; Aeby et al 2011). Finally, the non-normal purple and red pigmentation has been associated with potential immune responses of Acropora millepora and Porites sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locally accelerated growth is part of the innate immune response and repair mechanisms in reef-building corals as detected by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments

et al. 2012

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Homologs of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) are a prevalent group of host pigments responsible for the green, red and purple-blue colours of many reefbuilding corals. They have been suggested to contribute to the striking coloration changes of different corals species in response to wounding and infestation with epibionts/parasites. In order to elucidate the physiological processes underlying the potentially disease-related colour changes, we have analysed spatial and temporal expression patterns of GFP-like proteins and other biomarkers in corals from the Red Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and Fiji both in their natural habitat and under specific laboratory conditions. The expression of distinct GFP-like proteins and the growth marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen was upregulated in growing branch tips and margins of healthy coral colonies as well as in disturbed colony parts. Furthermore, phenoloxidase activity increased in these proliferating tissues. It is thus demonstrated that locally accelerated growth is part of the innate immune response and repair mechanisms in reef-building corals and, moreover, these processes can be detected utilizing the excellent biomarker properties of GFP-like proteins. Finally, the results of this work suggest an additional vulnerability of corals in predicted future scenarios of increased ocean acidification, warming and eutrophication that are anticipated to reduce coral growth capacity.

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“…decrease photosynthetic yield) of the zooxanthellae precedes their expulsion (Pecheux, 2002). Secondly, despite their reduced numbers, the remnant zooxanthellae have elevated MI, suggestive of uncontrolled division (Ravindran and Raghukumar, 2006). Most notably, coral bleaching extrapolations obtained via the joint manipulation of seawater temperatures and pCO 2 highlight the apparent significance of exceeding the ∼260 ppmv threshold in terms of zooxanthellae turnover and loss ( Fig.…”

Section: Increased Turnover and Loss Of Zooxanthellaementioning

confidence: 97%

“…A number of studies have noted an increased sensitivity to bleaching under high pCO 2 conditions (Pecheux, 2002;Ravindran and Raghukumar, 2006;Anthony et al, 2008). Several other studies have recorded no apparent changes in sensitivity (see e.g.…”

Section: Increased Turnover and Loss Of Zooxanthellaementioning

confidence: 99%

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A hypothesis linking sub-optimal seawater pCO2 conditions for cnidarian-Symbiodinium symbioses with the exceedence of the interglacial threshold (>260 ppmv)

Wooldridge

2012

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Most scleractinian corals and many other cnidarians host intracellular photosynthetic dinoflagellate symbionts ("zooxanthellae"). The zooxanthellae contribute to host metabolism and skeletogenesis to such an extent that this symbiosis is well recognised for its contribution in creating the coral reef ecosystem. The stable functioning of cnidarian symbioses is however dependent upon the host's ability to maintain demographic control of its algal partner. In this review, I explain how the modern envelope of seawater conditions found within many coral reef ecosystems (characterised by elevated temperatures, rising pCO 2 , and enriched nutrient levels) are antagonistic toward the dominant host processes that restrict excessive symbiont proliferation. Moreover, I outline a new hypothesis and initial evidence base, which support the suggestion that the additional "excess" zooxanthellae fraction permitted by seawater pCO 2 levels beyond 260 ppmv significantly increases the propensity for symbiosis breakdown ("bleaching") in response to temperature and irradiance extremes. The relevance of this biological threshold is discussed in terms of historical reef extinction events, glacial-interglacial climate cycles and the modern decline of coral reef ecosystems.

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Pink-line syndrome, a physiological crisis in the scleractinian coral Porites lutea

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Biological Responses of the Coral Montastraea annularis to the Removal of Filamentous Turf Algae

Biological Responses of the Coral Montastraea annularis to the Removal of Filamentous Turf Algae

Locally accelerated growth is part of the innate immune response and repair mechanisms in reef-building corals as detected by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments

A hypothesis linking sub-optimal seawater <I>p</I>CO<sub>2</sub> conditions for cnidarian-<I>Symbiodinium</I> symbioses with the exceedence of the interglacial threshold (>260 ppmv)

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Pink-line syndrome, a physiological crisis in the scleractinian coral Porites lutea

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Biological Responses of the Coral Montastraea annularis to the Removal of Filamentous Turf Algae

Biological Responses of the Coral Montastraea annularis to the Removal of Filamentous Turf Algae

Locally accelerated growth is part of the innate immune response and repair mechanisms in reef-building corals as detected by green fluorescent protein (GFP)-like pigments

A hypothesis linking sub-optimal seawater &lt;I&gt;p&lt;/I&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; conditions for cnidarian-&lt;I&gt;Symbiodinium&lt;/I&gt; symbioses with the exceedence of the interglacial threshold (&gt;260 ppmv)

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A hypothesis linking sub-optimal seawater <I>p</I>CO<sub>2</sub> conditions for cnidarian-<I>Symbiodinium</I> symbioses with the exceedence of the interglacial threshold (>260 ppmv)