Pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus</i> L. Merr.), Waste Streams, Characterisation and Valorisation: An Overview

Abstract

Processing pineapple industry produces huge amounts of waste thus contributing to worsen the global environmental problem. Valorising pineapple waste through further processing until it is transformed into valuable products using environmentally friendly techniques is both, a challenge, and an opportunity. The aim of this review is to characterize and highlight the phytochemical constituents of pineapple peel, their biological activity, and to evaluate the current state-of-art for the utilization of pineapple waste from the processing industry for obtaining pharmaceuticals, food, and beverages, biocombustibles, biodegradable fibers, and other different usage. Pineapple residues are rich in many bioactive compounds such as ferulic acid, vitamin A and C as antioxidant, and containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycoside, steroids, triterpenoids and phytosterols may provide a good source of several beneficial properties, as well as bromelain that showed significant anticancer activity. Also, pineapple processing residues contain important volatile compounds used as aroma enhancing products and have high potential to produce value-added natural essences.

Application of Pineapple Waste to the Removal of Toxic Contaminants: A Review

“…Pineapple wastes have been applied in different applications, namely, energy generation or carbon source, antioxidant, pharmaceutical and food industry, citric and lactic acid production, ethanol production, vinegar production, fiber production, etc. [ 75 , 76 , 77 ].…”

Ohmic Heating Extraction at Different Times, Temperatures, Voltages, and Frequencies: A New Energy-Saving Technique for Pineapple Core Valorization

“…Pineapple ( Ananas comosus ) is the third major tropical fruit with approximately 37 Mt global production [ 1 , 2 ]. It is also one of the significant commercial fruits of Taiwan, with an annual production rate of above 400,000 tons [ 3 ].…”

Preparation and Characterization of Porous Materials from Pineapple Peel at Elevated Pyrolysis Temperatures

“…For example, treatment by sanitary landfill not only results in the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and odorants, it also facilitates large amounts of leachate which could lead to surface water pollution. To minimize the environmental impact and promote the circular economy, the valorization of pineapple peel has been exploited and reviewed by researchers in recent years [3][4][5][6].…”

“…The pineapple fruit is famous for its high richness in functional ingredients such as polyphenols, pectin, cellulose, and sugars (carbohydrates). In this regard, pineapple peel, accounting for about one-third of a pineapple's total weight [7], is often processed to produce bioactive compounds and organic products, including phenolic antioxidants, organic acids, ethanol (wine), dietary fiber, proteolytic enzymes (bromelain) [3][4][5][6], special sugars [8], and lignocellulose nanocrystals [9]. On the other hand, the dried biomass waste also contains a lot of lignocellulosic constituents, which are related to contain oxygen-containing functional groups for providing complexation and ion exchange [10].…”