Pineal Proteins Upregulate Specific Antioxidant Defense Systems in the Brain

Bharti, Vijay K.; Srivastava, R.C.

doi:10.4161/oxim.2.2.8361

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Furthermore, melatonin plays an important role in activating anti-oxidant defenses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) [79,80].…”

Section: Melatonin Ros and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation

Radogna

Diederich

Ghibelli

2010

Biochemical Pharmacology

306

247

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Melatonin is a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep and circadian functions. Melatonin also regulates inflammatory and immune processes acting as both an activator and inhibitor of these responses. Melatonin demonstrates endocrine, but also paracrine and autocrine effects in the leukocyte compartment: on one side, leukocytes respond to melatonin in a circadian fashion; on the other side, leukocytes are able to synthesize melatonin by themselves.With its endocrine and paracrine effects, melatonin differentially modulates pro-inflammatory enzymes, controls production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and leukotrienes and regulates the lifespan of leukocytes by interfering with apoptotic processes. Moreover, its potent anti-oxidant ability allows scavenging of oxidative stress in the inflamed tissues. The interesting timing of pro-and anti-inflammatory effects, such as those affecting lipoxygenase activity, suggests that melatonin might promote early phases of inflammation on one hand and contribute to its attenuation on the other hand, in order to avoid complications of chronic inflammation. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the various inflammatory pathways regulated by this pleiotropic hormone.

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Section: Melatonin Ros and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation

Radogna

Diederich

Ghibelli

2010

Biochemical Pharmacology

306

247

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“…We speculate the mecha-nism of protective effect of PP against As-induced oxidative stress through scavenging of free radicals generated by As-exposure and breakage of radical chain reaction, thereby reduction of lipid peroxidation. As per experimental study of a [11], this physiological role of PP may be due to presence of certain enzymes influencing it or via melatonin secretion on body antioxidant defense systems. Therefore, administration of pineal proteins is proved to be beneficial on vital organs antioxidant defense system during As-induced oxidative stress in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings suggest the antioxidant properties of pineal proteins, and therefore present study elucidated the antioxidant properties of pineal proteins. This might be due to scavenging of free radicals generated by As-exposure and breakage of radical chain reaction, thereby reduction of lipid peroxidation as stated by a [11]. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is the most important enzyme for extraperoxisomal inactivation of H 2 O 2 , especially in the kidney and liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of Reiter et al, 1995 [8] illustrated the neuroendocrine functions of the pineal affect on wide variety of physiological role in our body. Few studies of Simonneaux and Ribelayga, 2003 [9] and Tandon et al, 2006 [10] revealed that beside melatonin (MEL), the [11] has suggested that the pineal gland may also have antioxidants role due to secretory product other than MEL. Literature regarding the physiological role of PP and peptides in arsenic-induced OS is completely lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective role of buffalo pineal proteins on arsenic-induced oxidative stress in blood and kidney of rats

Bharti¹,

Srivastava²

2009

Health

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Objective: Exposure to various toxic metals has become an increasingly recognized source of illness in human and animals, worldwide. Arsenic (As) and its compounds cause adverse health effects in animals and humans. Recently, it has been suggested that the pineal gland may also have antioxidants role due to secretary product other than melatonin. With keeping this view, present investigation tested effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP) on arsenic-induced oxidative stress in RBCs (Red blood cells) and kidney of rats. Methods: Eighteen adult female Wistar rats were grouped into group-I (Control), group-II (Arsenic control), and group-III (Arsenic + Pineal proteins). Experimental rats were given 100 ppm arsenic (p.o.) for 4 weeks alone or along with pineal proteins at a dose of 100 µg/kg body weight (i.p.). Results: Interestingly, arsenic exposure led to the stimulation of kidney catalase (CAT) activity, but inhibition of RBCs CAT activity and significantly (P<0.05) increased the RBCs and kidney lipid peroxidation level (LPO). However, arsenic treatment caused depletion of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) in kidney tissues. In RBCs, only GR and CAT activity were significantly (P<0.05) declined. These changes were significantly (P<0.05) reversed by PP treatment in arsenic exposed animals. Conclusion: Therefore, present study indicated the significant protecting effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) PP against arsenic induced-oxidative stress through antioxidant defense systems in rats.

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“…In order to alleviate this menace of oxidative stress, the body naturally synthesizes antioxidants and enzymes with https://dx.doi.org/10. 4314/ijs.v19i1.15 antioxidant activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH) and Nitric oxide (NO) whose primary role is to deactivate reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Bharti and Srivastava, 2009). Chemically synthesized antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), tertiary butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) are often added to food as preservative to prevent lipid peroxidation (Venkatesh and Sood, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the antioxidant activity, phytochemical and nutritional contents of two antihypertensive ethnomedicinal plants

Gbadamosi¹,

Kalejaye²

2017

Ife Journal of Science

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The fruits of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich and leaves of Persea americana (Mill.) are ethnomedicinally used in combination (1:10) as a remedy for the treatment of hypertension in southwest Nigeria. This study compared the antiradical activity, phytochemical and proximate components of the two plants, with a view to providing scientific information on the therapeutic properties and potential of the plants. The antioxidant activity of the samples was against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The phytochemical and proximate analyses were carried out using standard laboratory techniques. The plants showed varied antioxidant activity. X. + aethiopica had 39.10 mg GAE/g polyphenol content and gave 67.43% inhibition against DPPH whereas P.+ americana with 24.3 mg GAE/g polyphenol content had 48.3% inhibition against DPPH . It was observed that there was direct relationship between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of the plants. There were also significant variations in the chemical components of the plants. Quantitative phytochemical screening showed that alkaloids (1483.33 mg/100g), proanthocyanidins (16.17mg GAE/g), tannins (968.33 mg/100g) and anthraquinones (58.3 mg/100g) were higher in X. aethiopica than in P. americana. On the other hand, P. americana contained more flavonoids (777.67 mg/100g), cardiac glycosides (41.67 mg/100g) and saponins (610 mg/100g) than X. aethiopica. X. aethiopica was richer in ash (4.47%), fats (22.43%), crude fibre (12.47%), moisture content (10.23%) and energy (2716.30Kcal) than P. americana. However, P. americana had higher contents of crude protein (21.57%) and carbohydrates (50.73%). The observed antioxidant activity and chemical components of the two plants might be responsible for their therapeutic use as antihypertensive remedy.

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Pineal Proteins Upregulate Specific Antioxidant Defense Systems in the Brain

Cited by 25 publications

References 19 publications

Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation

Melatonin: A pleiotropic molecule regulating inflammation

Protective role of buffalo pineal proteins on arsenic-induced oxidative stress in blood and kidney of rats

Comparison of the antioxidant activity, phytochemical and nutritional contents of two antihypertensive ethnomedicinal plants

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