“…Pin1 uniquely binds and catalyzes cis-trans conformational changes at specific phosphorylated Ser/Thr-Pro motifs [7][8][9], thereby modulating the activities, functions, and stabilities of a broad range of substrates after phosphorylation. Notable Pin1 substrates include several master regulators, such as p65/RelA nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) [10], cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) [11], and the tumor suppressor protein p53 [12]. Accordingly, as Pin1 is a critical and dynamic signaling regulator for many substrates in essential functions, such as the cell cycle, immunity, and metabolism [13][14][15], it is widely distributed at both the cellular and tissue levels, depending on its substrates [16].…”