Pimentas do gênero Capsicum cultivadas em Roraima, Amazônia Brasileira. I. Espécies domesticadas

Abstract

Foram inventariadas as pimentas domesticadas do gênero Capsicum que são cultivadas no Estado de Roraima, extremo norte da Amazônia brasileira. O levantamento foi realizado em comunidades indígenas e não indígenas. Dos 163 acessos registrados, C. chinense Jacq. (76,7%) foi a espécie com o maior número, seguida de C. frutescens L. (9,8%), C. annuum L. (8,0%) e C. baccatum v. pendulum Wild. (5,5%). As formas de fruto mais encontradas foram "alongada" (42,9%) e "ovalada" (27,0%). C. chinense apresentou a maior diversidade de formas enquanto que as demais estavam concentradas na forma "alongada". A cor predominante dos frutos maduros foi a vermelha (64,4%). Isoladamente, C. chinense foi melhor distribuída entre as cores básicas amarela (44,8%) e vermelha (55,2%), independente das diferentes tonalidades assumidas por cada acesso (alaranjado, vermelho-escuro, etc). O nível de pungência sensorial com maior número de registros foi o "alto" (62,6%), seguido do "médio" (16,0%), "baixo" (15,3%) e "muito alto" (6,1%). Dos 105 acessos de coloração vermelha, 67,6% possuía pungência "alta" ou "muito alta". C. chinense do tipo "murupi" e "olho-de-peixe", juntamente com "malagueta" (C. frutescens) são os morfotipos mais tradicionalmente consumidos entre as comunidades indígenas locais.

Morphological and chemical characterization of fruits of Capsicum spp. accessions

“…Barbosa et al (2002), describing 163 Capsicum accessions from the Bank of Germoplasm of Capsicum of Embrapa in Roraima, noticed similar results for the colors for ripe fruit and levels of pungency, for which red color and the levels "high" and "very high" for pungency were the most frequent. Pungency and color, however, are not correlated characteristics, since it is possible to have peppers in different colors and no pungency and different levels of pungency in the same color (Table 4).…”

“…We determined the qualitative traits: color of ripe fruit (IPGRI, 1995) and the pungency of the fruit, classified through the sensorial method into the following classes: MA (very high), A (high), M (medium) and B (low) (Barbosa et al, 2002).…”

“…The four species of Capsicum cultivated in Brazil are also grown in Roraima where the cultivation and commercialization of chili and peppers have been increasing a lot. The morphotypes like "malagueta" (C. frutescens), "murupi" (C. chinense) and "olho de peixe" (C. chinense) are the most commercialized in indian and non-indian communities (Barbosa et al, 2002), as well as in the northeast and southeast regions of Brazil (Lannes et al, 2007).…”

Morphological and genetic relationships between wild and domesticated forms of peppers (Capsicum frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacquin)

“…However, the first specimens of C. chinense showing the characteristics shared by the wild species of Capsicum and the presence of constriction at the base of the calyx were identified in Roraima (Brazil) by Barbosa et al (2002). Moreover, in the far northern Brazilian Amazon, indigenous people use C. chinense peppers with wild characteristics, which grow naturally in the hills and foothills of north-central and northeastern Roraima and were probably dispersed by birds.…”

Morphometric patterns and preferential uses of Capsicum peppers in the State of Roraima, Brazilian Amazonia

“…Database -We used the database (DB) of Capsicum pepper species and cultivars consumed in the State of Roraima (Barbosa et al, 2002, Barbosa et al, 2006 to search for distinctions in the pattern of fruit choices and uses between indigenous (IN) and nonindigenous (NI) groups. The DB was generated between 2000 and 2001 and contains information on 182 accessions (subsamples), collected at 39 sites in Roraima, 14 classified as indigenous and 25 as non-indigenous.…”