Pilot study to monitor body temperature of dairy cows with a rumen bolus

Ipema, A.H.; Goense, D.; Hogewerf, P.H.; Houwers, H.W.J.; Roest, Hendrik-Ido-Jan

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2008.05.009

Cited by 51 publications

(54 citation statements)

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“…Understanding factors that influence heat load, both environmental and animal, allows producers to establish and implement mitigation strategies prior to and during heat related stress events, thus improving animal survivability and welfare during these events. (Davis et al, 2003;Mader et al, 2010a), abdominal (Lefcourt and Adams, 1996;Gaughan et al, 2010a), rectal (Gaughan et al, 1999;Gaughan et al, 2008a) and more recently rumen (Ipema et al, 2008;Rose-Dye et al, 2011;Mohammed et al, 2014) in bovines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As heat load increases, cattle will partition energy away from growth and development and towards heat dissipation in order to maintain homeostasis (Kadzere et al, 2002;Ravagnolo and Misztal, 2002). Therefore core body temperature is considered to be a reliable indicator of thermal balance and estimates of core body temperature have previously been measured at several locations including tympanic (Davis et al, 2003;Mader et al, 2010a), abdominal (Lefcourt and Adams, 1996;Gaughan et al, 2010a), rectal (Gaughan et al, 1999;Gaughan et al, 2008a) and rumen (Ipema et al, 2008;Rose-Dye et al, 2011;Mohammed et al, 2014). However the true measure of core body temperature is difficult to quantify; therefore many measures of body temperature become an estimation of core body temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous methods have been used as an estimate of core body temperature, i.e. tympanic (Davis et al, 2003;Mader et al, 2010a), abdominal (Lefcourt and Adams, 1996;Gaughan et al, 2010a), rumen (Ipema et al, 2008;Rose-Dye et al, 2011;Mohammed et al, 2014), and rectal (Gaughan et al, 1999;Gaughan et al, 2008a). However how these estimates of core body temperature relate to actual core body temperature has not been elucidated.…”

Section: New Technologies In the Measurement Of Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

Lees¹

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Heat load is a significant animal welfare and cost of production issue worldwide. In the US alone heat load is reported to have an annual economic burden of > $300 million in the beef sector.Furthermore animal growth is often depressed during summer resulting in heat related decreases in weight gain of approximately 10 kg which coincides with a 7 day increase in days on feed. The reduced growth rate increases days on feed, thereby increasing the cost of production. Whilst the effects of heat load on cattle has been researched for a number of years, there is speculation as to the interactions between hot environmental conditions and livestock performance, reproduction, health and overall wellbeing. Therefore there is a need to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic responses of animals to heat load. The key focus of heat load research is to develop effective management strategies to support animal comfort and performance during hot periods.While heat load can occur in pasture raised cattle, it is mostly observed within the intensive grain feed feedlot industry. Heat load occurs where a combination of environmental conditions exceed the animals ability to regulate body temperature, thus impacting on homeostasis. However how an animal responds to heat load is also dependent on a number of individual characteristics, including genotype, coat characteristics, health status and days on feed. Therefore no two animals will respond to hot climatic conditions in exactly the same manner. There are numerous responses to heat load that can be measured and/or observed in cattle, including changes in behaviour, respiratory dynamics, blood metabolites and body temperature. The experiments within this thesis were focused on investigating the; A key aspect in managing heat load is that feedlot personnel are able to recognise the responses of cattle to high heat load. Improvements in animal management have contributed to alleviating some of the negative effects of heat load. However summer conditions are still responsible for significant production losses and welfare concerns worldwide. Furthermore heat load cannot be completely eradicated where there are animal production operations in tropical and sub-tropical regions.Therefore the primary purpose of heat load research becomes focused on the effective use of mitigation strategies prior to and during heat related stress events, thus improving animal survivability and welfare during these events.iii Declaration by author Publications included in this thesisNo publications included. Contributions by others to the thesis

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Technologies In the Measurement Of Body Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological responses of feedlot cattle to heat load

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“…There are transponders, injected or applied as a bolus, which besides the individual identification of an animal, such as that legally required in sheep and goats by Regulation (EC) 21/2004 8 , are able to monitor its body temperature. Their use for continuous monitoring during commercial transports seems technically difficult though and recent studies concluded that improvements are needed regarding accuracy and practical application (Kort et al, 1997;Green et al, 2008;Ipema et al, 2008;Mash et al, 2008).…”

Section: Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion Concerning the Welfare of Animals during Transport

2011

EFSA Journal

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The Scientific Opinion on the welfare of animals during transport reviewed the most recent scientific information concerning the main farm species. New scientific evidence and consequent conclusions and recommendations were arranged following the structure of Annex I of EC Regulation 1/2005 5 . On fitness for transport, recommendations for cattle and poultry were focused on repeated humane handling and careful inspection prior to transport. On the means of transport, use of partitions in horse transport, compulsory fasting of pigs with provision of water at stops, and temperature limits for poultry were major recommendations. Maintaining stability of animal groups was recommended as good practice, with special emphasis on the need to avoid mixing unfamiliar pigs or goats. On watering and feeding intervals, journey times and resting periods, journey duration should not exceed 12 hours for horses and 29 hours for cattle. Horses should be supplied with water one hour before and one hour after transport, and for cattle there should be a 24 hour recovery period with access to food and water. For rabbits, time spent inside the containers during lairage should be considered journey time. Space allowance for horses should be given in terms of kg/m 2 instead of m 2 /animal. For cattle and sheep, it is recommended that space allowances should be calculated according to an allometric equation relating size to body weight. Limits for stocking densities of broilers in containers should be related to thermal conditions. On the navigation systems, temperature monitoring systems should be incorporated. Minimum standards should be established regarding data type to be recorded, the 4 The changes do not affect the overall conclusions of the opinion. To avoid confusion, the original version of the opinion has been removed from the website, but is available on request, as is a version showing all the changes made.

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“…The latter include automatic image analysis (including infrared tomography) of animals for the quantification of (changes in) body tissue reserves (Coffey et al, 2003) or udder health (Polat et al, 2010) as well as sensor technology (Ipema et al, 2008). Moreover, associations between milk quality and energy balance have been estimated (Stoop et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%