“…Employee Optimism was evaluated by the opting 03-items scale of (Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994) on the rating scale from "1_Strongly Disagree" to "5_Strongly Agree". Employee Hardiness was assessed by adopting a 15-items scale from (Moreno-Jiménez, Garrosa, Corso, Boada, & Rodríguez-Carvajal, 2012) on the rating scale "1-Strongly Disagree" to "5-Strongly Agree". Occupational Burnout was calculated by using a 12-items scale adopted from (Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach, & Jackson, 1996) a modified version of MBI-GS on the rating scale "1-Never" to "5-Everyday".…”