“…Natural carotenoid sources are becoming increasingly important for enhancing coloration because of their bioactive compounds and their potential applications in several areas of aquaculture feed industry (Amar et al, 2012;Ngo et al, 2016;Østerlie & Lerfall, 2015;Yu et al, 2021). The positive role of carotenoids in physiological functions of shrimp have been proven in several aspects, including growth, nutrient utilization, pigmentation, reproduction, stress responses, immunity and disease resistance (Amar et al, 2001;Boonyaratpalin et al, 2001;Niu et al, 2009Niu et al, , 2014Paibulkichakul et al, 2008;Parisenti et al, 2011;Supamattaya et al, 2005;Wade et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2015Wang et al, , 2018Zhang et al, 2013).…”