Natural pigment from Paracoccus carotinifaciens (Panaferd®‐ AX ) enhanced colour and immune system of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei )

Abstract

This study investigated effects of a natural carotenoid, Panaferd®‐AX, derived from the carotenoid‐rich microorganism, Paracoccus carotinifaciens, on growth performance, survival, body pigmentation, immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four dietary levels of Panaferd®‐AX (0, 250, 500 and 1250 mg kg−1 diet) were supplemented to a basal diet. The shrimp with an initial body weight of 4.00 ± 0.01 g were fed with these diets for 30 days. The results showed that shrimp growth, feed utilization and survival were not affected (p > 0.05) by the inclusion of the Panaferd®‐AX in any of the dosages tested in the basal diet, under the current experimental conditions. Pigmentation and hemolymph immunological responses were significantly affected by the diets containing Panaferd®‐AX (p < 0.05). The dietary supplementation with Panaferd®‐AX enhances disease resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and mortality delayed after exposure to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In conclusion, the diet supplemented with Panaferd®‐AX can enhance pigmentation and antioxidant competence of L. vannamei and it has potential as a promising carotenoid source.

A review of natural astaxanthin production in a circular bioeconomy context using Paracoccus carotinifaciens

“…In this work, the authors revealed that feeding hens with Panaferd®-P increased the concentrations of AXT, adonirubin and adonixanthin and also improved the egg yolk pigmentation, proving that the supplementation with this product can increase the nutritional value of hens' egg yolk. Recently, Nuntapong et al (2022), evaluated the effects of Panaferd®-AX on growth, survival, pigmentation, disease resistance and immune response in white shrimps, revealing that the supplementation of shrimps with Panaferd®-AX increases the disease resistance against bacteria's and virus and also improved the pigmentation and antioxidant capacity of shrimps.…”

Effects of Synthetic Astaxanthin on the Growth Performance, Pigmentation, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Response in Black Tiger Prawn (Penaeus monodon)

“…Dietary pigments supplementation seems to be an appropriate option for improving color and increasing commercial value of shrimp [4]. Carotenoids, also known as tetraterpenoids, are widely used as pigments in shrimp due to their benefits in improving growth and enhancing body color [5].…”