Pigeons exhibit higher accuracy for chosen memory tests than for forced memory tests in duration matching-to-sample

Adams, Allison; Santi, Angelo

doi:10.1007/s13420-010-0001-7

Cited by 37 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The dolphins seemed to choose this option when they had a bigger probability of failing the task (Smith et al, 1995). Similar results were found in rats and pigeons (Adams and Santi, 2011;Foote and Crystal, 2007). However, it is believed that metacognition requires self-reflective consciousness and certain scientists question the existence of such capacities in non-primates, because more simple behavioural principles may also explain the observed behaviour, such as information seeking behaviour (Foote and Crystal, 2012;Kirk et al, 2014;Smith et al, 2008).…”

Section: Box 12 Cognitive Abilities Of Animalssupporting

confidence: 66%

Chapter 1: Quantifying animal welfare preslaughter using behavioural, physiological and carcass and meat quality measures

Terlouw

Bourguet²

2022

Preslaughter Handling and Slaughter of Meat Animals

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Animal welfare and stress refer to the subjective experience of the animal, which depends on its emotional and cognitive capacities to evaluate the situation it is in, to know its body state in terms of needs, and the higher-order, conscious, processing of the information. The origin of stress-inducing factors may be psychological, such as fear, or physical, such as food deprivation. In both cases, they influence the emotional status of the animal. Due to its subjective, therefore unmeasurable, character, the assessment of animal welfare is indirect. During the preslaughter period, this assessment relies on the physiological and behavioural stress reactions and environmental context. Physiological reactions are not specific to stress; they allow any adaptive response potentially requiring increased physical activity and vigilance. Combining physiological measurements and behavioural observations in relation to the environmental context allow interpreting these different types of information in terms of stress. Physiological and behavioural reactions further influence meat quality traits, such as post-mortem temperature and pH decline, which influence other traits, such as colour and tenderness, and carcass quality characteristics, such as bruising. Individuals show a degree of consistency in their responses to stress factors. The determination of the animal's stress reactivity using standardised tests before slaughter facilitates the interpretation of the physiological and behavioural observations made in the slaughter setting. Stress reactivity determined before slaughter may predict stress reactions at slaughter, and future meat quality. Summarising, the assessment of animal welfare and stress involves the interpretation of a range of measurements on the physiology and behaviour of the animal, the environmental context, post-mortem meat and carcass quality traits, and the characteristics of the animal itself, in terms of stress reactivity and rearing and genetic background.

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Section: Box 12 Cognitive Abilities Of Animalssupporting

confidence: 66%

Chapter 1: Quantifying animal welfare preslaughter using behavioural, physiological and carcass and meat quality measures

Terlouw

Bourguet²

2022

Preslaughter Handling and Slaughter of Meat Animals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, in Experiment 1a, we found no evidence of prospective information-seeking in rats. Adams and Santi (2011) reported that extensive training eventually resulted in pigeons responding adaptively in relation to their memory states, whereas such responses were not observed during initial testing. Would more extensive training enhance effective information-seeking behavior in rats?…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rats did not show evidence of prospective information-seeking: a pilot study

Iwasaki,

Taniuchi

2023

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Information-seeking behavior often features in research on metacognition in non-human animals; some species seek more information when they do not know the location of a food reward. Rats are known to do this in situations of uncertainty, but it is still unclear if they seek information prospectively for solving a later problem. In this study, we investigated rats’ information-seeking responses in two areas that presented different cognitive challenges (N = 4). In one area, a memory task was presented in which rats could access a cue for a food reward during the information-seeking phase of a trial, but the cue was removed before the subsequent test phase. In the other area, a discrimination task presented a cue that was available in both the information-seeking and the test phases, so that it was not necessary to seek information prospectively. The memory and discrimination test trials were given in quasi-random order (Experiment 1). Rats explored in the memory task area no more than in the discrimination task area during the information-seeking phase, even after extensive training. When they were exposed exclusively to the memory task over multiple sessions (Experiment 2), they developed a strategy of exploring the available object cues. In Experiment 3, rats were found to stay longer in an area, which had an object than in other, less potentially informative areas; they were sensitive to the presence of information. Although these results did not support the existence of prospective information-seeking in rats, they do not necessarily imply that rats lack related abilities. This consideration is due to the constraints of the small sample size and the limited scope of the testing environment. Accumulating not only positive but also negative evidence would further understanding of the factors influencing metacognitive responses in non-human animals.

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“…Both approaches are based on the assumption that animals have a form of metacognition that allows them to access the reliability of their memory traces in some way. This has been shown in, e.g., macaques ( Macaca mulatta ; Hampton 2001 ), large-billed crows ( Corvus macrorhynchos ; Goto and Watanabe 2012 ), pigeons ( Columba livia ; Adams and Santi 2011 ), and even bees ( Apis mellifera ; Perry and Barron 2013 ). Arbilly and Lotem ( 2017 ) have made a strong argument for why such an ability does not need to involve highly complex cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Hoarding titmice predominantly use Familiarity, and not Recollection, when remembering cache locations

Smulders,

Douglas,

Reza

et al. 2023

Anim Cogn

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Scatter-hoarding birds find their caches using spatial memory and have an enlarged hippocampus. Finding a cache site could be achieved using either Recollection (a discrete recalling of previously experienced information) or Familiarity (a feeling of “having encountered something before”). In humans, these two processes can be distinguished using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. ROC curves for olfactory memory in rats have shown the hippocampus is involved in Recollection, but not Familiarity. We test the hypothesis that food-hoarding birds, having a larger hippocampus, primarily use Recollection to find their caches. We validate a novel method of constructing ROC curves in humans and apply this method to cache retrieval by coal tits (Periparus ater). Both humans and birds mainly use Familiarity in finding their caches, with lower contribution of Recollection. This contribution is not significantly different from chance in birds, but a small contribution cannot be ruled out. Memory performance decreases with increasing retention interval in birds. The ecology of food-hoarding Parids makes it plausible that they mainly use Familiarity in the memory for caches. The larger hippocampus could be related to associating cache contents and temporal context with cache locations, rather than Recollection of the spatial information itself.

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Pigeons exhibit higher accuracy for chosen memory tests than for forced memory tests in duration matching-to-sample

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Chapter 1: Quantifying animal welfare preslaughter using behavioural, physiological and carcass and meat quality measures

Chapter 1: Quantifying animal welfare preslaughter using behavioural, physiological and carcass and meat quality measures

Rats did not show evidence of prospective information-seeking: a pilot study

Hoarding titmice predominantly use Familiarity, and not Recollection, when remembering cache locations

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