Piezoelectric Sensor for Determination of Genetically Modified Soybean Roundup Ready (R) in Samples not Amplified by PCR

Abstract

Abstract:The chemically modified piezoelectrodes were utilized to develop relatively cheap and easy to use biosensor for determination of genetically modified Roundup Ready soybean (RR soybean). The biosensor relies on the immobilization onto gold piezoelectrodes of the 21-mer single stranded oligonucleotide (probes) related to 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene, which is an active component of an insert integrated into RR soybean genome. The hybridization reaction between the probe and the target complementary sequence in solution was monitored. The system was optimized using synthetic oligonucleotides, which were applied for EPSPS gene detection in DNA samples extracted from animal feed containing 30% RR soybean amplified by the PCR and nonamplified by PCR. The detection limit for genomic DNA was in the range of 4.7·10 5 numbers of genom copies contained EPSPS gene in the QCM cell. The properties such as sensitivity and selectivity of piezoelectric senor presented here indicated that it Sensors 2007, 7 1463 could be applied for the direct determination of genetically modified RR soybean in the samples non-amplified by PCR.

Detection of allergenic additives in processed meat products

“…These sensors enabled the identification of transgenic soy by means of probes specific to the P35S and NOS terminator sequence . A probe binding to the EPSPS gene sequence itself can also be used for the identification of a transgenic soy variety . Piezoelectric sensors also detected allergens found in shrimps .…”

“…The transducer constitutes the detector component, which converts biochemical signals into optical, electrochemical, acoustic or thermal signals, proportionally to the amount of the analyte under investigation. 52,53 Regarding the analysis of allergic components in foods, several studies have been undertaken which showed the potential of biosensors for investigation of milk and peanuts, 35,47 fish and shrimps, 37,38 egg, 36 soy, and genetically modified soy [54][55][56] (Tables 2 and 3).…”

“…54 A probe binding to the EPSPS gene sequence itself can also be used for the identification of a transgenic soy variety. 55 Piezoelectric sensors also detected allergens found in shrimps. 38 The authors of the research stress the fact, that in contrast with conventional PCR, this method eliminates the need to use toxic reagents such as ethidium bromide.…”

Resonance elastic light scattering (RELS) spectroscopy of fast non-Langmuirian ligand-exchange in glutathione-induced gold nanoparticle assembly

“…Numerous prospective applications of AuNP relate to the detection of biomolecules [13][14][15][16], including DNA strands [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], the design of photonic and bioelectronic devices, and the nanomedicine [26][27][28][29]. In the latter field, AuNP benefit medical diagnostics, cancer therapy, and contribute to imaging enhancements.…”

QCM Technology in Biosensors

“…QCM technology has a huge field of applications in biochemistry and biotechnology. The availability for QCM to operate in liquid has extended the number of applications including the characterization of different type of molecular interactions such as: peptides (Furtado et al, 1999), proteins (BenDov et al, 1997), oligonucleotides (Hook et al, 2001), bacteriophages (Hengerer et al, 1999), viruses (Zhou et al, 2002), bacteria (Fung & Wong, 2001) and cells (Richert et al, 2002); recently it has been applied for detection of DNA strands and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) (Stobiecka et al, 2007). Despite of the extensive use of QCM technology, some challenges such as the improvement of the sensitivity and the limit of detection in high fundamental frequency QCM, remain unsolved; recently, an electrodeless QCM biosensor for 170MHz fundamental frequency, with a sensitivity of 67 Hz cm -2 ng -1 , has been reported (Ogi et al, 2009); this shows that the classical QCM technique still remains as a promising technique.…”