Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Lead-Free Flexible PVDF-Barium Titanate Composite Films for Driving Low Power Electronics

Abstract

Self-powered sensor development is moving towards miniaturization and requires a suitable power source for its operation. The piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is a potential candidate to act as a partial solution to suppress the burgeoning energy demand. The present work is focused on the development of the PENG based on flexible polymer-ceramic composite films. The X-ray spectra suggest that the BTO particles have tetragonal symmetry and the PVDF-BTO composite films (CF) have a mixed phase. The dielectric constant increases with the introduction of the particles in the PVDF polymer and the loss of the CF is much less for all compositions. The BTO particles have a wide structural diversity and are lead-free, which can be further employed to make a CF. An attempt was made to design a robust, scalable, and cost-effective piezoelectric nanogenerator based on the PVDF-BTO CFs. The solvent casting route was a facile approach, with respect to spin coating, electrospinning, or sonication routes. The introduction of the BTO particles into PVDF enhanced the dielectric constant and polarization of the composite film. Furthermore, the single-layered device output could be increased by strategies such as internal polarization amplification, which was confirmed with the help of the polarization-electric field loop of the PVDF-BTO composite film. The piezoelectric nanogenerator with 10 wt% BTO-PVDF CF gives a high electrical output of voltage 7.2 V, current 38 nA, and power density of 0.8 μW/cm2 at 100 MΩ. Finally, the energy harvesting using the fabricated PENG is done by various actives like coin dropping, under air blowing, and finger tapping. Finally, low-power electronics such as calculator is successfully powered by charging a 10 μF capacitor using the PENG device.

Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications: Roadmap for Future Smart Materials

“…Sahu et al reported an output voltage of 7.2 V, current of 38 nA, and power density of 0.8 μW cm -2 from a PENG containing 10 wt% BaTiO 3 /PVDF composite film prepared by solvent casting. [277] The PENG was used to harvest energy from activities like finger tapping, dropping of coin and air blowing.…”

A New Hybrid Lead‐Free Metal Halide Piezoelectric for Energy Harvesting and Human Motion Sensing

“…These hybrid materials have the virtues of low elastic moduli and significant piezoelectric properties, which could enable them to show attractive mechanical energy harvesting properties and accurate sensing abilities. Piezoelectric nanogenerators and sensors are two important types of functional electronic devices which have been extensively explored for inorganic perovskite materials, [17,18] such as BaTiO 3 , [19,20] CsPbBr 3 . [21,22] Very recently, the hybrid piezoelectric-based nanogenerators [16,[23][24][25][26] and human body motion sensors [27,28] have been reported and their excellent energy harvesting and sensing performance can be comparable to those of perovskite oxides.…”

An Effective Self-Powered Piezoelectric Sensor for Monitoring Basketball Skills

“…More importantly, these devices can realize real-time transmission and analysis of motion without external battery, and the device size can be easily designed according to actual demand [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Due to mechanical flexibility, lightweight, high piezoelectric output and environmental protection, PVDF is always regarded as a candidate for Nanogenerators [ 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”