Piezoelectric energy harvesting from heartbeat vibrations for leadless pacemakers

Ansari, M. H.; Karami, M. Amin

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/660/1/012121

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, the time spent is advantageous since in almost every case with array selection and in 50% of models with greedy method, we are able to increase the energy harvesting. In applications where the amount of energy harvesting is of utmost importance, for example installing a piezoelectric pacemaker [45][46][47] in human body, this trade-off of time versus energy harvesting can play an important role.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Substrate Layer Material and Its Mechanical Properties for Piezoelectric Cantilever Energy Harvesting System

Kumar

Singh

2021

Advcd Theory and Sims

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A cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is a popular choice to harvest energy for applications with natural or unnatural vibrations. Other than the choice of piezoelectric material, the substrate layer material also plays an important role to increase the energy harvesting in PEH. Earlier researches have emphasized on selecting a few substrate materials than all available in literature. However, we argue that the choice of the substrate material and its mechanical properties depend on the design of the PEH. We establish this fact by designing 20 different PEH models by varying the size of cantilever, substrate layer thickness, and types of the piezoelectric materials. These models are simulated in COMSOL with every known substrate material to select the best substrate material. We also propose a greedy approach to further increase the energy harvesting by optimizing the mechanical properties of the best substrate material. In all models, the best substrate material harvests at least 2× more energy. The greedy approach increases energy harvesting in almost 50% of the models. Some of the substrate materials with optimized mechanical properties are reported in literature, however, this research opens up a discussion to manufacture new substrate materials to increase energy harvesting in PEH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Substrate Layer Material and Its Mechanical Properties for Piezoelectric Cantilever Energy Harvesting System

Kumar

Singh

2021

Advcd Theory and Sims

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“…Heartbeat vibrations can generate and supply power to pacemakers or sensors that stimulate heart muscles, regulate its contraction and monitor vital signs like pulse rate or blood pressure. In [ 35 , 36 ], fan-folded piezoelectric beam stacked structure uses heartbeat to generate more than 10 µW to power up a lead-free pacemaker. Fan-folded design is chosen in order to utilise three-dimensional space to the energy harvester and the added tip mass and link mass help to reduce the high natural frequency of the energy harvester.…”

Section: Energy Harvester For Totally Implanted Hearing Device Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermoelectric energy harvester converts temperature gradients into electrical energy and such a small temperature difference could provide high power output of more than 100 µW [ 28 ]. Cardiac pacemaker does not require constant battery loading and consumes low energy where 10 µW can sufficiently power up the device [ 28 , 35 , 40 ]. The biggest consideration of implementing a thermoelectric energy harvester in an implanted medical device is the biocompatibility of the materials used.…”

Section: Energy Harvester For Totally Implanted Hearing Device Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Energy Sensing and Harvesting in Micromachined Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Transducers for Fully Implanted Hearing Systems: A Review

et al. 2021

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The paper presents a comprehensive review of mechanical energy harvesters and microphone sensors for totally implanted hearing systems. The studies on hearing mechanisms, hearing losses and hearing solutions are first introduced to bring to light the necessity of creating and integrating the in vivo energy harvester and implantable microphone into a single chip. The in vivo energy harvester can continuously harness energy from the biomechanical motion of the internal organs. The implantable microphone executes mechanoelectrical transduction, and an array of such structures can filter sound frequency directly without an analogue-to-digital converter. The revision of the available transduction mechanisms, device configuration structures and piezoelectric material characteristics reveals the advantage of adopting the polymer-based piezoelectric transducers. A dual function of sensing the sound signal and simultaneously harvesting vibration energy to power up its system can be attained from a single transducer. Advanced process technology incorporates polymers into piezoelectric materials, initiating the invention of a self-powered and flexible transducer that is compatible with the human body, magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI) and the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. The polymer-based piezoelectric is a promising material that satisfies many of the requirements for obtaining high performance implantable microphones and in vivo piezoelectric energy harvesters.

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“…[ 54–56 ] Conversely, ICDs are designed to resuscitate the heart in the event of cardiac arrest—an action that has high and unpredictable power draw (10 W) and can lower device lifetime. [ 253 ] There have been many examples of biomechanical energy harvesting devices to power or augment pacemakers, [ 34,35,38,56 ] yet fewer examples have been used to power ICDs. Based on the power requirements for a cardiac pacemaker (20 µW), a piezoelectric receiver with energy density of 20 mW cm −2 would require lateral dimensions of just 0.2 mm 2 to provide enough instantaneous power for operation.…”

Section: Application Of Upismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, they must be placed in locations in the body where sufficient motion occurs to power the device; [ 33 ] their size is at odds with the miniaturization of the implants and the increased complexity of the device architecture. [ 33,34 ] To date, piezoelectric energy harvesting has been implemented in powering cardiac pacemakers, [ 35 ] force and pressure sensors, [ 36 ] and implantable intracochlear transducers. [ 37 ] By relying on the biomechanical energy attainable at the implant site [ 38 ] however, piezoelectric energy harvesters provide variable power levels and typically require an energy storage component (e.g., batteries or supercapacitors) to manage power delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound‐Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications

Turner

Senevirathne

Kilgour

et al. 2021

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Ultrasound‐powered implants (UPIs) represent cutting edge power sources for implantable medical devices (IMDs), as their powering strategy allows for extended functional lifetime, decreased size, increased implant depth, and improved biocompatibility. IMDs are limited by their reliance on batteries. While batteries proved a stable power supply, batteries feature relatively large sizes, limited life spans, and toxic material compositions. Accordingly, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) strategies are attracting increasing attention by researchers as alternative reliable power sources. Piezoelectric energy scavenging has shown promise for low power applications. However, energy scavenging devices need be located near sources of movement, and the power stream may suffer from occasional interruptions. WPT overcomes such challenges by more stable, on‐demand power to IMDs. Among the various forms of WPT, ultrasound powering offers distinct advantages such as low tissue‐mediated attenuation, a higher approved safe dose (720 mW cm−2), and improved efficiency at smaller device sizes. This study presents and discusses the state‐of‐the‐art in UPIs by reviewing piezoelectric materials and harvesting devices including lead‐based inorganic, lead‐free inorganic, and organic polymers. A comparative discussion is also presented of the functional material properties, architecture, and performance metrics, together with an overview of the applications where UPIs are being deployed.

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Piezoelectric energy harvesting from heartbeat vibrations for leadless pacemakers

Cited by 22 publications

References 6 publications

Optimization of Substrate Layer Material and Its Mechanical Properties for Piezoelectric Cantilever Energy Harvesting System

Optimization of Substrate Layer Material and Its Mechanical Properties for Piezoelectric Cantilever Energy Harvesting System

Mechanical Energy Sensing and Harvesting in Micromachined Polymer-Based Piezoelectric Transducers for Fully Implanted Hearing Systems: A Review

Ultrasound‐Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications

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