Picoeukaryotes of the <i>Micromonas</i> genus: sentinels of a warming ocean

Demory, David; Baudoux, Anne‐Claire; Monier, Adam; Simon, Nathalie; Six, Christophe; Ge, Pei; Rigaut‐Jalabert, Fabienne; Marie, Dominique; Sciandra, Antoine; Bernard, Olivier; Rabouille, Sophie

doi:10.1038/s41396-018-0248-0

Cited by 41 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…First, now that their geographical distribution begins to be known, we may target specific environments and obtain isolates. This will allow analyzing finer resolution markers such as the ITS 15 and determine physiological preferences, for example in terms of temperature 67 . Another strategy for clades that are hard to isolate in culture would be to determine longer sequences of the ribosomal operon including in particular the ITS region directly from the environment either by long amplicon PCR using novel sequencing technologies such as Nanopore 68 or by extracting them from existing metagenomics datasets such as those obtained during the Tara Oceans project 24 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel diversity within marine Mamiellophyceae (Chlorophyta) unveiled by metabarcoding

Tragin

Vaulot

2018

Preprint

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The Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) project provided metabarcoding data for the V4 hyper-variable regions of the 18S rRNA gene from 157 samples collected at 143 mostly coastal stations. In this paper we focus on the class Mamiellophyceae, which was found at nearly all OSD stations and represented 55 % of the green microalgae (Chlorophyta) reads in the 2014 OSD dataset. We performed phylogenetic analyses of unique OSD metabarcodes (ASV, amplicon single variants) and reference GenBank sequences from cultures and from the environment, focusing on the four most represented genera: Ostreococcus (45 % of the Mamiellophyceae reads), Micromonas (34 %), Bathycoccus (10 %) and Mantoniella (8.7 %).These analyses uncovered novel diversity within each genus except Bathycoccus. In Ostreococcus, a new clade (E) with 2 very clear base pair differences compared to the oceanic clade B in the V4 region was the second most represented clade after the coastal Ostreococcus "lucimarinus". Within Micromonas, ten clades were found exceeding the 4 species and 2 candidate species already described. Finally, we found 2 new environmental clades of Mantoniella. Each Mamiellophyceae clade had a specific distribution in the OSD dataset suggesting that they are adapted to different ecological niches. Monomastigales 10 . Monomastigales are confined to freshwater environments while Dolichomasti-20 gales, although quite diversified in marine waters 12, 13 , are a minor component of Mamiel-21 lophyceae in coastal waters. In contrast, Mamiellales and Bathycoccales host some of the most 22 common Chlorophyta microalgae such as the ubiquitous Micromonas, the smallest known eu-23 karyote Ostreococcus or the coccoid Bathycoccus 10 . Within Mamiellales, Micromonas pusilla 14 24 was recently split into four species: Micromonas bravo (previously clade B.E.3), Micromonas com-25 moda (previous clade A.ABC.1-2), Micromonas polaris (previously clade B arctic), Micromonas 26 pusilla (previously clade C.D.5) and two clades mentioned as candidate species 1 (clade B. .4) 27 2/34 and candidate species 2 (clade B warm) 15 . Within the genus Mantoniella, only two species 28 have been described: the ubiquitous Mantoniella squamata 3, 16 , first described as Micromonas 29 squamata 17 , and Mantoniella antarctica 18 . Within Bathycoccales, four Ostreococcus clades have 30 been delineated 19 : Ostreococcus tauri 20 , Ostreococcus mediterraneus 21 , both of which have 31 been formerly described, Ostreococcus "lucimarinus" (clade A) and clade B, which both lack 32 formal taxonomic description. Analyses of pigment content and response to light levels allowed 33 to distinguish two broad ecotypes: strains adapted to high (O. tauri,O. mediterraneus, O. "luci-34 marinus" ) and low (Ostreococcus clade B) light 22 . The second genus within Bathycoccales hosts 35 a single species, Bathycoccus prasinos 23 . No clades can be delineated inside this species based 36 on 18S rRNA gene sequences from cultures and the environment. However, divergence in ITS 37 sequences suggest that Bathycoccus p...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel diversity within marine Mamiellophyceae (Chlorophyta) unveiled by metabarcoding

Tragin

Vaulot

2018

Preprint

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“…The green alga Micromonas (Mamiellophyceae) is recognized as the dominant picophytoplankton (0.2-3.0 μm) genus during the Arctic summer (Lovejoy et al, 2007;Balzano et al, 2017). The genus Micromonas is widespread throughout the world oceans (Worden et al, 2009;Tragin and Vaulot, 2019) and genetically diversified (Simon et al, 2017) in relation to thermal niches (Demory et al, 2018), with one species, Micromonas polaris, restricted to polar regions. Another species of Mamiellophyceae, Bathycoccus prasinos, may replace M. polaris during polar winter (Joli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturable diversity of Arctic phytoplankton during pack ice melting

Ribeiro

Santos

Gourvil

et al. 2020

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Massive phytoplankton blooms develop at the Arctic ice edge, sometimes extending far under the pack ice. An extensive culturing effort was conducted before and during a phytoplankton bloom in Baffin Bay between April and July 2016. Different isolation strategies were applied, including flow cytometry cell sorting, manual single cell pipetting, and serial dilution. Although all three techniques yielded the most common organisms, each technique retrieved specific taxa, highlighting the importance of using several methods to maximize the number and diversity of isolated strains. More than 1,000 cultures were obtained, characterized by 18S rRNA sequencing and optical microscopy, and de-replicated to a subset of 276 strains presented in this work. Strains grouped into 57 phylotypes defined by 100% 18S rRNA sequence similarity. These phylotypes spread across five divisions: Heterokontophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta and Dinophyta. Diatoms were the most abundant group (193 strains), mostly represented by the genera Chaetoceros and Attheya. The genera Baffinella and Pyramimonas were the most abundant non-diatom nanoplankton strains, while Micromonas polaris dominated the picoplankton. Diversity at the class level was higher during the peak of the bloom. Potentially new species were isolated, in particular within the genera Navicula, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus, Thalassiosira, Pyramimonas, Mantoniella and Isochrysis. Culturing efforts such as this one highlight the unexplored eukaryotic plankton diversity in the Arctic and provide a large number of strains for analyzing physiological and metabolic impacts in this changing environment.

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“…The green alga Micromonas (Mamiellophyceae) is recognized as the dominant picophytoplankton (0.2 – 3 µ m) genus during the Arctic summer (Lovejoy et al, 2007; Balzano et al, 2017). The genus Micromonas is widespread throughout the world oceans (Tragin and Vaulot, 2019; Worden et al, 2009) and genetically diversified (Simon et al, 2017) in relation to thermal niches (Demory et al, 2018), with one species, Micromonas polaris , restricted to polar regions. Another Mamiellophyceae, Bathycoccus prasinos , may replace M. polaris during polar winter (Joli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culturable diversity of Arctic phytoplankton during pack ice melting

Ribeiro¹,

Santos²,

Gourvil³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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14Massive phytoplankton blooms develop at the Arctic ice edge, sometimes extend- 15 ing far under the pack ice. An extensive culturing effort was conducted before and 16 during a phytoplankton bloom in Baffin Bay between April and July 2016. Differ-17 ent isolation strategies were applied, including flow cytometry cell sorting, man-18 ual single cell pipetting and serial dilution. Although all three techniques yielded 19 the most common organisms, each technique retrieved specific taxa, highlight-20 ing the importance of using several methods to maximize the number and diver-21 sity of isolated strains. More than 1,000 cultures were obtained, characterized by 22 18S rRNA sequencing and optical microscopy and de-replicated to a subset of 23 276 strains presented in this work. Strains grouped into 57 genotypes defined by 24 100% 18S rRNA sequence similarity. These genotypes spread across five divi-25 sions: Heterokontophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta and Dinophyta. 26 Diatoms were the most abundant group (193 strains), mostly represented by the 27 genera Chaetoceros and Attheya. The genera Rhodomonas and Pyramimonas were 28 the most abundant non-diatom nanoplankton strains, while Micromonas polaris 29 dominated the picoplankton. Diversity at the class level was higher during the 30 peak of the bloom. Potentially new species were isolated, in particular within the 31 genera Navicula, Nitzschia, Coscinodiscus, Thalassiosira, Pyramimonas, Man-32 toniella and Isochrysis.33

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Picoeukaryotes of the Micromonas genus: sentinels of a warming ocean

Cited by 41 publications

References 71 publications

Novel diversity within marine Mamiellophyceae (Chlorophyta) unveiled by metabarcoding

Novel diversity within marine Mamiellophyceae (Chlorophyta) unveiled by metabarcoding

Culturable diversity of Arctic phytoplankton during pack ice melting

Culturable diversity of Arctic phytoplankton during pack ice melting

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