Phytotoxicity to and uptake of RDX by rice

Vila, M.; Mehier, S.; Lorber-Pascal, S.; Laurent, François

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2006.05.009

Cited by 47 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thompson et al (1999) found that poplar trees accumulated up to 60% of RDX in leaves. Vila et al (2007) determined that 89% of RDX was translocated to rice leaves, and more than 80% of RDX was translocated in the leaves of maize, wheat, and soybean. In contrast to RDX or HMX, translocation factors of CL-20 were all below 0.07 ( Table 2), indicating that CL-20 was taken up by the roots but barely translocated into the shoots.…”

Section: Uptake Of Rdx Hmx or Cl-20 In Ryegrassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4C,D). Vila et al (2007) hypothesized that the RDX saturation of translocation in shoots could result from its limited bioavailability in soil resulting from low aqueous solubility of RDX (43 mg/l at 20 C; Monteil-Rivera et al, 2004). The differences in uptake of explosives could also be related to the differences in octanol/water partitioning coefficients (log K ow ), which are 0.9 for RDX, 0.2 for HMX, and 1.9 for CL-20 (Burken and Schnoor, 1998;Monteil-Rivera et al, 2004).…”

Section: Uptake Of Rdx Hmx or Cl-20 In Ryegrassmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The more recently synthesized polycyclic nitramine 2, 4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, (Nielsen et al, 1998) is being considered as potential replacement for RDX and HMX because of its superior properties as an explosive and propellant material. While the ecotoxicities of RDX or HMX in soil have been studied in the past at concentrations up to 4000 mg/kg (Robidoux et al, 2003;Vila et al, 2007;Winfield et al, 2004), the potential ecological impacts of an accidental release of CL-20 in the environment remain uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Rocheleau

Lachance

Kuperman³

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1, 3,5,3,5, and 2,4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, are cyclic nitramines used as explosives. Their ecotoxicities have been characterized incompletely and little is known about their accumulation potential in soil organisms. We assessed the toxicity and uptake of these explosives in perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L. exposed in a Sassafras sandy loam (SSL) or in a sandy soil (DRDC, CL-20 only) containing contrasting clay contents (11% and 0.3%, respectively). A 21-d exposure to RDX, HMX or CL-20 in either soil had no adverse effects on ryegrass growth. RDX and HMX were translocated to ryegrass shoots, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) of up to 15 and 11, respectively. In contrast, CL-20 was taken up by the roots (BCF up to 19) with no translocation to the shoots. These studies showed that RDX, HMX, and CL-20 can accumulate in plants and may potentially pose a risk of biomagnification across the food chain.

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Section: Uptake Of Rdx Hmx or Cl-20 In Ryegrassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uptake Of Rdx Hmx or Cl-20 In Ryegrassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Rocheleau

Lachance

Kuperman³

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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“…The use of phytoremediation presents additional challenges with RDX, since plants tend to accumulate this compound in their shoot tissues [25]. The mobility of RDX would indicate that densely rooted plants with a longer reach may be more applicable.…”

Section: Candidates For Tnt and Rdx Phytoremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mobility of RDX would indicate that densely rooted plants with a longer reach may be more applicable. Only a few species have been explicitly indicated for their potential in RDX remediation, including reed canary grass, Phalaris arundinaceae; fox sedge, Carex vulpinoidea; and rice, Oryza sativa (Table 2) [5,25,26].…”

Section: Candidates For Tnt and Rdx Phytoremediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoremediation of Explosive-Contaminated Soils

et al. 2015

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In order to select appropriate plant species for phytoremediation of explosive compounds, phytotoxicity, uptake proficiency, capability of the plant to degrade/transform the compounds, and several environmental factors need to be considered. The environmental factors comprise climatic attributes, soil type, the water environment, root penetration depth, contaminant kinetics, and bioavailability. Out of the plant species that have shown efficient TNT uptake, there are only a few that can do so in a variety of environments, which is imperative in case of contaminants that are widespread, such as TNT and RDX. The two most effective species for TNT uptake reported to date are Eurasian water milfoil, Myriophyllum spicatum and vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides. For RDX phytoremediation, reed canary grass, fox sedge, and rice have shown promise, although degradation of RDX in the plant tissue is limited. Over the past few decades, a considerable amount of information on phytotoxicity and metabolism of TNT and RDX in plants and microorganisms have been collected, which has led to the identification of potential plant species for use in TNT and RDX phytoremediation, as well as candidate genes for developing effective transgenic plants. Recent research has also revealed promising non-transgenic approaches, such as use of chaotropic agents for enhanced solubilization and uptake of TNT, which could prove to be practical and effective for military sites. Field trials of some of these promising new technologies are necessary for the development of effective, lowcost, and environmentally friendly phytoremediation of explosive-contaminated sites.

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Phytotoxicity of chlorinated benzenes to Typha angustifolia and Phragmites communis

Havelka

2008

Environmental Toxicology

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Healthy growth of plants is a prerequisite for successful application of phytoremediation technologies. Typha angustifolia and Phragmites communis are common wetland plants and have shown potential for phytoremediation of hexachlorobenzene (HCB). However, the lack of phytotoxicity data impedes their application in field sites. This study investigated the phytotoxicity of HCB, and its two metabolites: 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (1,3,5-TCB) and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) to Typha and the phytotoxicity of 1,3,5-TCB to Phragmites. The phytotoxicity of 1,3,5-TCB is species-dependent, with Typha demonstrating significantly higher tolerance than Phragmites. The concentration of 1,3,5-TCB causing zero growth of Phragmites was determined to be 1575 mg TCB/kg dry sediment. The concentration has to be doubled to completely inhibit the growth of Typha. Adverse effects of chlorinated benzenes in sediments on Typha increased with decreasing chlorine atoms. The concentrations causing zero growth of Typha are 5765 mg HCB/kg dry soil, 3157 mg 1,3,5-TCB/kg dry soil, and 1325 mg 1,4-DCB/kg dry soil. The higher toxicity of 1,4-DCB than 1,3,5-TCB and HCB in sediment was ascribed to its higher availability and easiness to be taken up by plants. The conclusion was supported by both growth rate calculations and plant height measurements. # 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 24: 43-48, 2009.

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Phytotoxicity to and uptake of RDX by rice

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Toxicity and uptake of cyclic nitramine explosives in ryegrass Lolium perenne

Phytoremediation of Explosive-Contaminated Soils

Phytotoxicity of chlorinated benzenes to Typha angustifolia and Phragmites communis

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