Abstract:From the fresh leaves or twigs of Aptenia cordifolia, a total of 29 compounds were isolated, including the new tetranoroxyneolignan 18, the new dilignan 19, and the beta-ionone derivative 27, previously only known as a synthetic compound, together with 26 known compounds. The structures of the new products were determined by (1)H-, (13)C-, and 2D-NMR, as well as HR-MS analyses. The phytotoxic effects of the isolates on the germination and growth of the dicotyledon Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) were studied in th… Show more
“…Our tests did not confirm a significant influence (P \ 0.01) of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol on the germination and growth of the tested weeds (Table 2). Similarly, DellaGreca et al (2007) did not find any influence of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol in concentrations from 10 -5 to 10 -7 M on the germination, root length, or shoot length of Lactuca sativa.…”
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) is well known as a weed suppressing crop due to its strong competitive and allelopathic characteristics. The possible allelopathic compounds in buckwheat include compounds from different groups, such as flavonoids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, etc. Less attention has been paid to other phenolic compounds, specifically eugenol, o-eugenol, coniferyl alcohol and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol as possible allelochemicals. The effects of eugenol, o-eugenol, coniferyl alcohol, and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol on germination and plant growth were tested on seven plant species. The results of our study showed that eugenols, coniferyl alcohol, or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol are minority components of the buckwheat plant. Eugenol reached the highest concentration (1.16lg/g DW in buckwheat leaves) from these compounds and they probably do not have a significant function in the allelopathy of common buckwheat. However, due to the inhibitory effects on germination and plant growth, eugenol could be utilized in the plant protection of sustainable agriculture.
“…Our tests did not confirm a significant influence (P \ 0.01) of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol on the germination and growth of the tested weeds (Table 2). Similarly, DellaGreca et al (2007) did not find any influence of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol in concentrations from 10 -5 to 10 -7 M on the germination, root length, or shoot length of Lactuca sativa.…”
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) is well known as a weed suppressing crop due to its strong competitive and allelopathic characteristics. The possible allelopathic compounds in buckwheat include compounds from different groups, such as flavonoids, fatty acids, phenolic acids, etc. Less attention has been paid to other phenolic compounds, specifically eugenol, o-eugenol, coniferyl alcohol and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol as possible allelochemicals. The effects of eugenol, o-eugenol, coniferyl alcohol, and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol on germination and plant growth were tested on seven plant species. The results of our study showed that eugenols, coniferyl alcohol, or 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenol are minority components of the buckwheat plant. Eugenol reached the highest concentration (1.16lg/g DW in buckwheat leaves) from these compounds and they probably do not have a significant function in the allelopathy of common buckwheat. However, due to the inhibitory effects on germination and plant growth, eugenol could be utilized in the plant protection of sustainable agriculture.
“…3-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-a-ionone (5) is known from various plant parts, such as leaves of Tilia flos (Tiliaceae), flowers of Aptenia cordifolia (Aizoaceae), fruits of Mammea americana (Guttiferae), aerial parts of Chenopodium album (Chenopodiaceae) and Helianthus heterophyllus (Asteraceae), and root and root exudate of Zea mays (Poaceae), often together with 6 (Morales and Duque, 2002;DellaGreca et al, 2004DellaGreca et al, , 2007Park et al, 2004;Radulescu and Oprea, 2008). However, 6 has been reported more frequently as glycosidically bound volatiles together with 3-oxo-a-ionol (4) and other related analogs, which are liberated enzymatically: e.g.…”
A series of 3-oxygenated derivatives of a-ionone and a-ionol have been characterized as highly specific male lures for the solanaceous fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In order to optimize the activity, we tested several analogous compounds derived from the three known attractants, 3-oxo-a-ionone, 3-oxo-a-ionol, and 3-hydroxy-a-ionone. 3-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-a-ionone and 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-a-ionol were found to be potent attractants as well as feeding stimulants for the males in an indoor bioassay. While trans-3-hydroxy-a-ionone showed moderate attractant and feeding stimulant activity, the corresponding cis-isomer was weakly active, indicating the importance of the stereochemistry at the C-3 position. Synthetic trans-3-acetoxy-a-ionone exhibited lower activity than the corresponding 3-hydroxy derivative. B. latifrons males fed actively on 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-a-ionone, transformed it to 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-a-ionol, and sequestered this compound in a substantial quantity in the rectal glands. Males that fed on 3-oxo-7,8-dihydro-aionol incorporated the compound mostly unchanged in the rectal gland. In both cases, the rectal content was approximately 1 mg/gland at 6 h post-feeding on the chemicals, respectively. Selective accumulation of these 3-oxygenated aionone/a-ionol analogs suggests their possible role as a male sex pheromone.
“…The DEPT spectrum indicated a Me and three CH groups. In the HMBC spectrum, both HÀC(7,7') and HÀC (8,8') were correlated to C(1,1'), and the former H-atoms also with C(2,6) and C(2',6'); furthermore, HÀC (3,5) and HÀC(3',5') were correlated to C(1,1') and C(4,4'). These data led to the structure of 4,4'-[1,1'-oxybis(ethane-1,1-diyl)]diphenol (5).…”
A cinnamic acid ester, two dihydrocinnamic acid esters, a noroxyneolignan, a dibenzyl ether derivative, along with common aromatic compounds and flavonoids were isolated from the extracts of fresh leaves and twigs of Oxalis pes-caprae. The structures of these aromatic compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, especially 2D-NMR techniques. Their effects on the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa L. as standard target species have been studied at concentrations ranging from 10(-4) to 10(-7) M. The activities of some compounds were higher than that of pendimethalin, a commercial pre-emergence herbicide.
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