Phytotoxicity of Euphorbia helioscopia L. on Triticum aestivum L. and Pisum sativum L.

Abstract

Invasive field weeds, such as Euphorbia sp., represent main threat for crop productivity. The present work was conducted to evaluate the phytotoxicity of Euphorbia helioscopia on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). The influence of aqueous extract from shoot of E. helioscopia, at different rates (1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%; w/v), on germination and early seedling growth of wheat and pea as well as some of the synchronized physiological aspects was investigated. E. helioscopia aqueous extract severely affected the germination in a concentration dependent manner. Plumule and radicle length, as well as their fresh and dry masses were markedly reduced. Moreover, amylase activity and total soluble sugars were significantly reduced in response to treatment with aqueous Euphorbia extract, in both test plants, whereas, proteolytic activity showed marked improvement. The linear regression analysis revealed the presence of positive linear correlation between germination rate and amylase activity. The stress markers such as proline, phenolics and flavonoids were markedly accumulated upon treatment with E. helioscopia extract. The increment in the level of total phenolics was concomitant with an improvement in phenylalanine ammonia lyase and peroxidase activities. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of E. helioscopia extract revealed the presence of two cinnamic acid derivatives (caffeic and p-coumaric acids), two benzoic acid derivatives (vanillic and syringic acids) and a flavanonol (Dihydroquercetin). To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the physiological implications underlying the phytotoxicity of E. helioscopia.ª 2015 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University.

Investigation of the Allelopathic Potential of Alhagi Maurorum on Pisum Sativum L.

“…Total flavonoids showed a marked accumulation in treated pea shoots under response to treatment with Alhagi aqueous extract Our data Fig (9) showed that different concentrations of Alhagi maurorum aqueous extract caused a significant increase by about 50, 162, 281 and 337% for the concentrations 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 % (w/v) respectively, as compared with their untreated pea plants. This results in agreement with the results obtained by [36] who reported that, total flavonoids showed a marked accumulation in response to treatment with Euphorbia helioscopia L. water extract.…”

“…Amino acids are very important compounds in plant which considered as building blocks of proteins, and a variety of other functional compounds, also increase plant defend against pests, diseases and resist stresses [35], proline is one of the metabolic products that frequently accumulate in response to all variety of environmental stresses. [36] for both wheat and pea seedlings, found that different concentrations of Euphorbia helioscopia extract significantly increased the accumulation of amino acids. Protien compounds are a macro-molecule that participates in every aspect of plant growth and development.…”

Sonchus oleraceus Residue Improves Nutritive and Health-Promoting Value of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): A Metabolic Study

“…These results clearly indicate that the effect of S. oleraceus residue on accumulation of phytochemicals in bean seeds was a function of the concentration applied and the type of metabolites. Similarly, previous studies reported that the effect of pure phenolic compounds or plant residues on metabolism of the receptor plant is dependent on the concentration applied. ,, …”

“…Similarly, previous studies reported that the effect of pure phenolic compounds or plant residues on metabolism of the receptor plant is dependent on the concentration applied. 18,40,67 3.5. Conclusions.…”

Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil From Euphorbia helioscopia L.

“…Euphorbia helioscopia L. (Euphorbiaceae) is distributed in most areas of Europe, northern Africa, and eastern Asia. 1 It is widely employed for its activity against skin diseases, intestinal parasites, migraine, gonorrhea, and other conditions. 2 The aerial parts of this plant, referred to as "Ze Qi" in China, are used as traditional medicine for the treatment of ascites, edema, tuberculosis, phlegm, cough, and ringworm.…”