Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfill leachate

Abstract

Phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfi ll leachate. The most common method of municipal solid waste disposal is storing at landfi lls. Many hazardous substances are present in garbage and some more are formed during degradation. They may be assimilated by numerous organisms, pass through the food chain and bioaccumulate by long-term exposure in animals and humans. Therefore it seems an important tusk to monitor the toxic and genotoxic potential of municipal landfi ll leachates, which may contaminate waters and soils. Higher plants provide a very useful, uncomplicated and inexpensive tool for fi rst-step screening of environmental pollutants. The objective of our study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo municipal landfi ll leachate by the means of plant bioassays and to preliminary valuate the effi ciency of zeolite as a leachate purifi er. Phytotoxicity was assessed by the Allium cepa Root Elongation Bioassay and genotoxicity by the means of Allium and Vicia Root Tip Assays (RTA). Results were subjected to the F-test for the two way analysis of variance (ANOVA 2) and subsequently the Tukey's test, with statistical signifi cance set at p = 0.05. Applied plant bioassays indicated signifi cant phytotoxicity and potential genotoxicity of Radiowo landfi ll leachate The process of zeolite fi ltration did not eliminate, but evidently decreased phytotoxicity. It did not cause signifi cant change in genotoxic potential of 100% leachate, but resulted in its more rapid decrease in a concentration dependent manner.

The Comet Assay for the Evaluation of Genotoxic Potential of Landfill Leachate

“…During the independent laboratory studies genotoxicity of landfill leachate has been proved [ 1 – 4 ]. Landfill leachate is generated due to the infiltration of rainwater through the waste mass and due to the wastes biodegradation.…”

Genotoxic evaluation of the River Paranaíba hydrographic basin in Monte Carmelo, MG, Brazil, by the Tradescantia micronucleus

“…The WQI data, specifically those for treated leachate and at site P3, suggest that the biological treatment used should undergo reconsideration, as alone it does not present enough improvement in the leachate parameters, as required by the environmental agencies. Crude leachate samples were not assessed because they have recognized genotoxic properties ( Obidoska and Jasinska, 2008 ). The treated leachate value was WQI = 25.21, which represents a value between Poor and Very bad on the WQI classification scale by IGAM, reaffirming the need to associate other methodologies for leachate treatment, as proposed by Nunes et al (2011) .…”

Bioassays based on higher plants as excellent dosimeters for ecotoxicity monitoring: A review

“…Pelegrini et al (2007) concentration of 2000 mg/L. Obidoska and Jasińska (2008) monitored the toxic and genotoxic potential of municipal landfill leachates from Radiowo municipal, Poland and evaluated the efficiency of zeolite as a leachate purifier using A. cepa assay. A significant phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Radiowo landfill leachate was observed and zeolite filtration did not reduce genotoxicity, however, phytotoxicity was decreased.…”