Phytotoxic metabolites from Drechslera wirreganensis and D. campanulata

Capio, E.; Tate, Max E.; Wallwork, H.

doi:10.1071/ap03069

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The structures of phytotoxic cytochalasin congeners from fungi are shown in Figure 34 . Cytochalasin B ( 448 ) was isolated from the culture filtrates of the plant pathogens Drechslera wirrenganensis and D. campanulata , and was toxic to the leaves of faba bean by leaf puncture assay [ 290 ].…”

Section: Nitrogen-containing Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Xue

Shen

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are poisonous substances to plants produced by fungi through naturally occurring biochemical reactions. These metabolites exhibit a high level of diversity in their properties, such as structures, phytotoxic activities, and modes of toxicity. They are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species in the genera of Alternaria, Botrytis, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Helminthosporium, and Phoma. Phytotoxins are either host specific or non-host specific phytotoxins. Up to now, at least 545 fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites, including 207 polyketides, 46 phenols and phenolic acids, 135 terpenoids, 146 nitrogen-containing metabolites, and 11 others, have been reported. Among them, aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids are the main phytotoxic compounds. This review summarizes their chemical structures, sources, and phytotoxic activities. We also discuss their phytotoxic mechanisms and structure–activity relationships to lay the foundation for the future development and application of these promising metabolites as herbicides.

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Section: Nitrogen-containing Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Xue

Shen

et al. 2021

Toxins

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“…The potentially causative toxin that Aslani et al [ 14 ] isolated from toxic extracts of D. biseptata was putatively identified as being cytochalasin-like due to its mass spectral profile. Capio et al [ 43 ] identified cytochalasin B ( Figure 2 ) as a possible toxic compound produced by D. wirreganensis and D. campanulata . Correspondingly, Schneider et al [ 39 ] implicated D. campanulata in the poisoning of goats, although the toxic principle was not identified.…”

Section: Possible Fungi Associated With Abldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Understanding of Acute Bovine Liver Disease in Australia

Read

Edwards

Deseo

et al. 2016

Toxins

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Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD) is a hepatotoxicity principally of cattle which occurs in southern regions of Australia. Severely affected animals undergo rapid clinical progression with mortalities often occurring prior to the recognition of clinical signs. Less severely affected animals develop photosensitization and a proportion can develop liver failure. The characteristic histopathological lesion in acute fatal cases is severe, with acute necrosis of periportal hepatocytes with hemorrhage into the necrotic areas. Currently there are a small number of toxins that are known to cause periportal necrosis in cattle, although none of these have so far been linked to ABLD. Furthermore, ABLD has frequently been associated with the presence of rough dog’s tail grass (Cynosurus echinatus) and Drechslera spp. fungi in the pasture system, but it is currently unknown if these are etiological factors. Much of the knowledge about ABLD is contained within case reports, with very little experimental research investigating the specific cause(s). This review provides an overview of the current and most recently published knowledge of ABLD. It also draws on wider research and unpublished reports to suggest possible fungi and mycotoxins that may give rise to ABLD.

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“…Pyrenophora semeniperda also produces toxins, including cytochalasin B and other more unusual cytochalasins (Evidente et al. , 2002; Capio et al. , 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quick and the deadly: growth vs virulence in a seed bank pathogen

2010

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Summary• We studied the relationship between virulence (ability to kill nondormant Bromus tectorum seeds) and mycelial growth index in the necrotrophic seed pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda. Seed pathosystems involving necrotrophs differ from those commonly treated in traditional evolution-of-virulence models in that host death increases pathogen fitness by preventing germination, thereby increasing available resources. Because fast-germinating, nondormant B. tectorum seeds commonly escape mortality, we expected virulence to be positively correlated with mycelial growth index.• We performed seed inoculations using conidia from 78 pathogen isolates and scored subsequent mortality. For a subset of 40 of these isolates, representing a range of virulence phenotypes, we measured mycelial growth index.• Virulence varied over a wide range (3-43% seed mortality) and was significantly negatively correlated with mycelial growth index (R 2 = 0.632). More virulent isolates grew more slowly than less virulent isolates.• We concluded that there is an apparent tradeoff between virulence and growth in this pathogen, probably because the production of toxins necessary for necrotrophic pathogenesis competes with metabolic processes associated with growth. Variation in both virulence and growth rate in this pathosystem may be maintained in part by seasonal variation in the relative abundance of rapidly germinating vs dormant host seeds available to the pathogen.

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Phytotoxic metabolites from Drechslera wirreganensis and D. campanulata

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Phytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from Fungi

Current Understanding of Acute Bovine Liver Disease in Australia

The quick and the deadly: growth vs virulence in a seed bank pathogen

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