Phytotoxic effects of argan shell biochar on salad and barley germination

Bouqbis, Laila; Daoud, Salma; Koyro, Hans Werner; Kammann, Claudia; Ain‐Lhout, F.; Harrouni, M. C.

doi:10.1016/j.anres.2017.04.001

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Contrary to the findings in our study, it was determined that adding corncob biochar significantly increased the fresh weight of wheat in sandy soil [64]. A previous study also showed that biochar derived from argan shells increased fresh biomass weight of salad and barley [65]. In addition, it was reported that peanut hull biochar did not have a significant influence on the fresh weight of barley after germination [38].…”

Section: Effects Of Corncob Biochar On Shoot Fresh Weightcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

et al. 2018

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Biochar from crop residues such as corncobs can be used for soil amendment, but its negative effects have also been reported. This study aims to evaluate the phytotoxic effects of different biochar treatments and application rates on cress (Lepidium sativum). Corncob biochar was produced via slow pyrolysis without using purging gas. Biochar treatments included fresh biochar (FB), dried biochar (DB), washed biochar (WB), and biochar water extract (WE). Biochar application rates of 10, 20, and 30 t/ha were investigated. Significant phytotoxic effects of biochar were observed on germination rates, shoot length, fresh weight, and dry matter content, while severe toxic effects were identified in FB and WE treatments. Germination rate after 48 h (GR48) decreased with the increase of biochar application rates in all treatments. The observed order of performance of the biochar treatments for germination, shoot length, and shoot fresh weight for every biochar application rate was WB>DB>WE>FB, while it was the reverse order for the shoot dry matter content. WB treatment showed the best performance in reducing the phytotoxicity of biochar. The mitigation of the phytotoxicity in fresh corncob biochar by washing and heat treatment was found to be a simple and effective method.

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Section: Effects Of Corncob Biochar On Shoot Fresh Weightcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

et al. 2018

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“…Although there were no detectable differences in germination count between the control treatment and the treatment containing 2% DM and 4% DM of biochar, the above ground biomass was significantly lower at these biochar doses in comparison to the control. The DTS-biochar salt content in this study was EC 9.7 mS/cm, which is higher than reported for biochars that did not observe an effect on lettuce germination (EC 4.8 mS/cm [19]). The application of DTS-biochar could result in salt stress in salt-sensitive plants, and is also a concern for soil health.…”

Section: Biochar Plant Toxicitycontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Germination tests results of this study in comparison to previous research performed with plant-based biochars[18,19] Barley germinated seeds Barley above ground biomass Lettuce germinated seeds Lettuce above ground biomass…”

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confidence: 76%

“…This also concerns the environmental safety and the effect of soil biochar addition on the growth of plants and consumption of resulting produce by animals and humans. For example, biochar can contain salts, chemicals (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxins), and heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) that following soil application in high concentrations can be toxic to plants, humans (e.g., following consumption of produce) and the environment (e.g., soil, water) [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis of Dry Toilet Substrate as a Means of Nutrient Recycling in Agricultural Systems: Potential Risks and Benefits

Bleuler

Gold

Strande

et al. 2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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Biochar is increasingly being applied as a soil amendment in agriculture. Biochar is typically produced from plant biomass and contains relatively low amounts of plant nutrients (e.g., N, P, and K), thus providing limited fertilizer value. Human excreta contains plant nutrients that could be recycled to create sustainable agricultural nutrient cycles. This study investigated the potential of biochar derived from a dry toilet substrate as soil amendment. The substrate consisted of urine, faeces, and wood chips, and was pyrolyzed at 500–650 °C for 10 min. The biochar was analyzed for plant available P, water leachable P and K, carbon stability, pH, electrical conductivity, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and germination tests with barley and lettuce were conducted to estimate the biochar fertilizer value and potential bio-toxicity. The biochar contained 25.0 ± 1.0 g N/kg dry mass (DM), 33.1 ± 2.1 g P/kg DM and 20.7 ± 0.2 g K/kg DM. 65% DM P was extractable by formic acid solution, 31.7% DM P and 60.5% DM K were water leachable in a ten-day column water-leaching experiment. The biochar complied with European regulations for PAHs, PCBs, dioxins and heavy metal concentrations, except for Zn and Ni. Germination of salt-resistant barley was not affected by biochar doses < 50% DM, while salt-sensitive lettuce germination was inhibited at doses ≥ 2% DM, indicating that the dry toilet substrate biochar induced salt stress. Based on these results, it is recommended that urine separation should be considered for biochar of excreta, which could reduce salt stress while maintaining concentrations of “fixed” or bioavailable nitrogen. Graphic Abstract

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“…Biochars may stimulate or inhibit root and/or shoot elongation during a plant growth test depending on the biochar and plant type, on soil properties and the biochar application rate Solaiman et al, 2012;Oleszczuk et al, 2013;Bouqbis et al, 2017;Hilioti et al, 2017). In the Sinapis alba root elongation test we observed considerable elongation (~25-100%) upon all of the biochar amendments after 2 months, but this tendency dropped by the 6 th month.…”

Section: Environmental Implications: Impact Of Treatments On Soil Ecomentioning

confidence: 85%

Microcosm incubation study for monitoring the mid-term effects of different biochars on acidic sandy soil applying a multiparameter approach

Farkas

Feigl

Gruiz

et al. 2018

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

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Biochar is produced from organic materials by pyrolysis specifically for soil improvement. Interactions with beneficial outcomes between biochar and soil can arise within a short time but it is uncertain whether the effects are similar in all soil types and at different time-scale. The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term and mid-term effects of biochars from different feedstocks (grain husks and paper fibre sludge, post-treated grain husks and paper fibre sludge, woodscreenings) on the soil physico-chemical, biological and ecotoxicological properties. As part of a complete scale-up technology, aiming improvement of an acidic sandy soil, a 12-month microcosm experiment was conducted with combined application of biochars, compost and fertilizer. The applied multiparameter approach made possible the selection of the most optimal treatment. All the three biochars had favourable influence on the soil, but the effects were different in terms of extent and time. Although the biochar from woodscreenings had not the most promising short-term effects, but combined with fertilizer at 0.5 w /w% biochar rate it was the most favourable treatment after 12 months. The grain husk and the paper fibre sludge biochar at 1 w /w% rate could also efficiently improve soil parameters and functions.

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Phytotoxic effects of argan shell biochar on salad and barley germination

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

Phytotoxicity of Corncob Biochar before and after Heat Treatment and Washing

Pyrolysis of Dry Toilet Substrate as a Means of Nutrient Recycling in Agricultural Systems: Potential Risks and Benefits

Microcosm incubation study for monitoring the mid-term effects of different biochars on acidic sandy soil applying a multiparameter approach

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