“…A deep understanding of ocean carbon sink requires the study and scientific assessment of phytoplankton abundance in the euphotic layer where phytoplankton live and grow (Richardson & Bendtsen, 2019; Uitz et al., 2006). Most research over recent decades, however, focused on the near‐surface water by using satellite data (Behrenfeld, 2014; Behrenfeld et al., 2016; Boyce et al., 2010; Gregg et al., 2005; Hu, Chen, Huang, & Zhou, 2021; Liu et al., 2021). However, satellite‐derived Chl a only accounts for one‐fifth of the total Chl a content within the euphotic layer (Cullen, 2015; Sammartino et al., 2018), failing to capture phytoplankton biomass variability below the surface.…”