Phytophthora macrochlamydospora, a New Species from Australia

Irwin, J. A. G.

doi:10.2307/3760365

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Of those species included in clade 8 sensu Kroon et al (2004), P. insolita (Ann & Ko, 1980) superficially resembles P. polonica in its cardinal temperatures and colony pattern and in the formation of hyphal swellings and small chlamydospores, but it is easily distinguished by its parthenogenetic oospores, i.e. without attached antheridia (Ho et al , 2002); P. quininea differs by producing larger oogonia (Crandall, 1947); P. richardiae is self‐fertile and has a lower maximum growth temperature (Waterhouse, 1970); and P. macrochlamydospora does not form sexual structures (Irwin, 1991). It is noteworthy that all these species of clade 8 sensu Kroon et al (2004) form survival structures such as hyphal swellings, chlamydospores or oospores in pure culture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora polonica, a new species isolated from decliningAlnus glutinosastands in Poland

Belbahri

Moralejo

Calmin

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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In a survey of Phytophthora associated with alder decline in Poland, several isolates of a homothallic Phytophthora sp., which could not be assigned to other taxa including Phytophthora alni subspecies, were consistently recovered from rhizosphere soil samples. Their morphology and pathogenicity, as well as sequence data for three nuclear regions (internal transcribed spacer rDNA, elongation factor-1alpha and beta-tubulin) and a coding mitochondrial DNA region (nadh1), were examined. The new Phytophthora species is characterized by the moderate to slow growth rate of its colony in carrot agar at 20 degrees C, high optimal (c. 30 degrees C) and maximum (c. 38 degrees C) growth temperatures, formation of catenulate, often lateral, hyphal swellings, large chlamydospores in agar media and in soil extract, persistent, ovoid to ellipsoid nonpapillate sporangia and large oogonia with paragynous and sometimes amphigynous antheridia. Phytophthora polonica was slightly pathogenic to alder twigs and not pathogenic to trunks of several tree species. In a phylogenetic analysis using either Bayesian inference or maximum likelihood methods, P. polonica falls in clade 8 'sensu Kroon et al. (2004)' of Phytophthora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora polonica, a new species isolated from decliningAlnus glutinosastands in Poland

Belbahri

Moralejo

Calmin

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Unsurprisingly, all species known only from crops were considered introduced, while most of the species found only in Australian natural ecosystems were considered native. Native species have been found in perennial crops and forestry, but only a single species, P. macrochlamydospora, considered to be native, has been found associated with annual crops, in this case soyabeans (Irwin 1991).…”

Section: Patterns Of Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Phytophthora diversity and community composition in natural areas across diverse Australian ecoregions

et al. 2018

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Comprehensive understanding of the patterns and drivers of microbial diversity at a landscape scale is in its infancy, despite the recent ease by which soil communities can be characterized using massively parallel amplicon sequencing. Here we report on a comprehensive analysis of the drivers of diversity distribution and composition of the ecologically and economically important Phytophthora genus from 414 soil samples collected across Australia. We assessed 22 environmental and seven categorical variables as potential predictors of Phytophthora species richness, α and β diversity, including both phylogenetically and non-phylogenically explicit methods. In addition, we classified each species as putatively native or introduced and examined the distribution with respect to putative origin. The two most widespread species, P. multivora and P. cinnamomi, are introduced, though five of the ten most widely distributed species are putatively native. Introduced taxa comprised over 54% of Australia's Phytophthora diversity and these species are known pathogens of annual and perennial crop habitats as well as urban landscapes and forestry. Patterns of composition were most strongly predicted by bioregion (R 2 = 0.29) and ecoregion (R 2 = 0.26) identity; mean precipitation of warmest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter and latitude were also highly significant and described approximately 21, 14 and 13% of variation in NMDS composition, respectively. We also found statistically significant evidence for phylogenetic over-dispersion with respect to key climate variables.This study provides a strong baseline for understanding biogeographical patterns in this important genus as well the impact of key plant pathogens and invasive Phytophthora species in natural ecosystems.

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“…The species P. macrochlamydospora has been reported to cause root and stem rot in soybeans (Glycine max) in Australia and the USA (Irwin, 1991). In Brazil, there are only reports of its presence in F I G U R E 2 Phylogram obtained from Bayesian inference of the concatenated genes ITS-rDNA, COXI and TEF1α of Phytophthora macrochlamydospora isolated from Pinus taeda trees.…”

Section: Re Sults and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the morphological characterization of the isolate IIIB1SP1R2, which was obtained from soil and deposited under the accession number AM 066/2019 in the Forest Fungi and Oomycetes Collection of Embrapa Florestas, sporangia and chlamydospores were produced following the methodology described by Irwin (1991). For this, the isolate was grown in Petri dishes containing carrot agar (CA) medium at 24°C for 5 days.…”

Section: Morphological and Molecular Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Phytophthora macrochlamydospora associated with tree decline in Pinus taeda in Brazil

Brumat,

Auer,

Tessmann

et al. 2023

Forest Pathology

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In 2019, 18‐year‐old Pinus taeda trees with symptoms of chlorosis in the aerial part, shortening of needles and reduced plant growth, ultimately leading to tree decline, were found in plantations in southern Brazil. When collecting roots, a reduction in the volume of fine roots in trees and absence of ectomycorrhiza was observed. An oomycete was isolated from the roots and soil of the rhizosphere, and its pathogenicity was confirmed through Koch's postulates. The morphological characteristics of this oomycete were similar to the Phytophthora macrochlamydospora, which was confirmed by the molecular characterization from three gene regions (ITS‐rDNA, COX I and TEF1α). This is the first report of P. macrochlamydospora associated with tree decline in P. taeda in Brazil and worldwide.

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Phytophthora macrochlamydospora, a New Species from Australia

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Phytophthora polonica, a new species isolated from decliningAlnus glutinosastands in Poland

Phytophthora polonica, a new species isolated from decliningAlnus glutinosastands in Poland

Predictors of Phytophthora diversity and community composition in natural areas across diverse Australian ecoregions

First report of Phytophthora macrochlamydospora associated with tree decline in Pinus taeda in Brazil

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