Phytogeography

Seine, R.; Porembski, S.; Becker, U.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59773-2_20

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Rare and endemic species are common in rocky outcrops (Ibisch et al 1995;Seine at al. 2000), possibly because edaphic and climatic isolation promotes speciation (Barthlott and Porembski 2000b).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklist of angiosperms from the Pedra Furada Municipal Park, northeastern Brazil

Gomes¹,

Costa²,

Rodal³

et al. 2011

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Due to the scarcity of data on the biotic diversity of rocky outcrops, this work presents the checklist of flowering plants (angiosperms) from the Pedra Furada Municipal Park (8°34’30” S, 36°52’45” W; 3 ha), in the northeast region of Brazil. Random samples were carried out from Jan-Dec 1998 and 2004-2009, totaling 125 species and 44 families. Fabaceae (14 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (13), Convolvulaceae (10), Cyperaceae (7), Apocynaceae (6), Cactaceae (6) and Bromeliaceae (5) comprise about 50% of the species. Due to variations in the rock slope and soil depth, the plants are distributed throughout three environments: slopes (65 species), plateaus (39) and escarpments (5), with some of them occurring both in plateaus and slopes (17). Among the species of the park, some are endemic to the caatinga (e.g. Piptadenia stipulacea and Maytenus rigida), and others are restricted to rocky outcrop areas (Ameroglossum pernambucense and Pithecoseris pacourinoides), providing evidence of the park’s relevance to the preservation of the local flora.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checklist of angiosperms from the Pedra Furada Municipal Park, northeastern Brazil

Gomes¹,

Costa²,

Rodal³

et al. 2011

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“…They are cited as being species well adapted to rocky outcrops, indicating a dystrophic substrate (Michelangeli 2000, Saridakis et al 2004. As a consequence of this nutrient limitation, combined with other edaphic and climatic factors, the plants show morphophysiological adaptations that result in high levels of endemism in these environments (Ibisch et al 1995, Porembski et al1996, Biedinger et al 2000, Seine et al 2000. Even thought the West face (leeward) of the rock outcrops was not evaluated, its composition appears to be very similar to the one at the East face (windward).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic diversity of two crystalline rocky outcrops in the Brazilian northeast semi-arid region

Gomes¹,

Alves²

2010

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Floristic diversity of two crystalline rocky outcrops in the Brazilian northeast semi-arid region). Floristic composition and structure of vegetation were studied in two rocky outcrop areas in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. From April 2007 to September 2008, 18 monthly field trips were carried out. Vascular plants were randomly collected throughout the outcrop areas. For structural analysis, 30 plots of 1 × 1 m were set in the vegetation islands. The checklist presented combines 211 species (69 families and 168 genera), although only 56 species were collected in the plots. Fabaceae (18 spp.; 8.5%), Asteraceae (17 spp.; 8%), Orchidaceae (13 spp.; 6.1%), Euphorbiaceae (13 spp.; 6.1%), Bromeliaceae (10 spp.; 4.7%), and Poaceae (eight spp.; 3.8%) are the richest families. Overall, 1,792 shrub and herbaceous specimens were counted in the plots. The Shannon-Wiener (H) diversity index values were 2.572 and 2.547 nats individual -1 . The species that presented the highest absolute abundance values (number of plants) had low frequencies in the plots and vice-versa. The biological spectrum had a high proportion of phanerophytes and therophytes, followed by cryptophytes, chamaephytes, and hemicryptophytes. The studied flora shares floristic components similar to other rocky outcrop areas of the semi-arid region in northeastern Brazil, including in relation to dominant groups in the vegetation structure.Key words -Caatinga, inselbergs, life-forms, saxicolous plants RESUMO -(Diversidade florística de dois afloramentos rochosos cristalinos no semi-árido, nordeste do Brasil).Composição florística e estrutura da vegetação foram estudadas em dois afloramentos rochosos localizados no semi-árido do nordeste do Brasil. Foram realizadas 18 excursões mensais, de abril de 2007 a setembro de 2008. Plantas vasculares foram coletadas aleatoriamente, no afloramento como um todo. Para análise estrutural foram plotadas 30 parcelas de 1 × 1 m nas ilhas de vegetação. Foram encontradas 211 espécies (69 famílias e 168 gêneros), entretanto somente 56 espécies foram coletadas nas parcelas. As famílias com maior número de espécies foram Fabaceae (18 spp.; 9%), Asteraceae (17 spp.; 8,5%), Orchidaceae (13 spp.; 6,5%), Euphorbiaceae (13 spp.; 6,5%), Bromeliaceae (10 spp.; 5%) e Poaceae (oito spp.; 4%). Ao todo, foram contabilizados, nas parcelas, 1.792 indivíduos herbáceos e arbustivos. Os valores do índice de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener (H) foram de 2,572 e 2,547 nats ind.-1 . As espécies que apresentaram maiores densidade apresentaram baixa freqüência nas parcelas e vice-versa. O espectro biológico apresentou alta proporção de fanerófitos e terófitos, seguidos por criptófitos, caméfitos e hemi-criptófitos. A flora estudada compartilha conjunto florístico semelhante a outros afloramentos rochosos do Nordeste do Brasil, inclusive em termos de grupos dominantes na estrutura da vegetação.Palavras-chave -Caatinga, formas de vida, inselbergues, plantas saxícolas 1.

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“…Partly for these same reasons, rocky sites remain some of the better preserved terrestrial habitats on the planet, protected from grazing, fire and many other economic activities (Debrot & Freitas 1993, Fulls et al 1993, Larson et al 2000. From the scientific viewpoint, these habitats are an open avenue for a lot of questions yet underexplored, from ecophysiology (Lüttge 1997, Meirelles et al 1997 to phytosociology (Alves 2000), ecology (Houle & Phillips 1989, Meirelles 1996, evolution (Benzing 2000, Seine et al 2000, floristics and biogeography , Seine et al 2000, conservation (Burke 2002a) and the relationships with surrounding habitats (Burke 2002b, Scarano 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(3) topographic and microclimatic variations; and (4) regional floristic context, paleoclimate and history (Porembski et al 1994, Escudero 1996, Larson et al 2000, Seine et al 2000, Burke 2002a. Generally, diversity and vegetation cover on rock outcrops tend to increase according to humidity, rock stability and availability of places for seed germination (Larson et al 2000), but endemism may be more related to degree of isolation of the rock outcrop in relation to similar habitats and also to how intensely the ecological conditions on the rock surface represent a barrier for establishment of plants from the surrounding (also called 'matrix') vegetation (Larson et al 2000, Burke 2002a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species composition and biogeographic relations of the rock outcrop flora on the high plateau of Itatiaia, SE-Brazil

Ribeiro¹,

Medina²,

Scarano³

2007

Rev. bras. Bot.

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-(Species composition and biogeographic relations of the rock outcrop flora on the high plateau of Itatiaia, SE-Brazil). We studied the flora of vegetation islands on rock outcrops on the Itatiaia Plateau (22°21'S and 44°40'W), at 2,400 m.a.s.l. A total of 114 vascular plant species, which correspond to ca. 20%-25% of the currently inventoried flora of the plateau, were sampled in 197 small vegetation islands (total area of 0.034 ha). Xerophytes and hydrophytes were often found side by side due to environmental heterogeneity at a small scale, explaining in part the high species diversity. Rock outcrops may support floras quite distinct from those in neighbouring habitats, due to the action of strong environmental filters, but in Itatiaia the geographic distribution patterns among rupicolous plants appear to mimic those described for the whole flora around it, with 15.1% of narrow endemic species and six strictly rupicolous plants. Underlining the "temperate" nature of the high elevation climate in Itatiaia, the sampled flora was dominated by species of the families Asteraceae and Poaceae, and the number of CAM (crassulacean acid metabolism) species was very low. A few endemic species of tropical origin-Pleurostima gounelleana (Beauv.) Men. (Velloziaceae) and Fernseea itatiaiae (Wawra) Baker (Bromeliaceae)play a crucial role in this vegetation, as pioneer mat-formers facilitating later establishment of numerous other species. Hemicryptophytes prevail in the sampled flora, while therophytes are exceptionally rare and mainly consist of opportunistic species associated with disturbances. Numerous microhabitats and strong environmental gradients in these high elevation rock outcrops afford opportunities for establishment of a highly diversified flora. These island-like environments may represent an important refuge for grassland species from fire and other disturbances in the surrounding grasslands. Key words-Atlantic rain forest, biogeography, "campos de altitude", endemisms, rock outcrops, rupicolous plants RESUMO-(Composição de espécies e relações biogeográficas da flora sobre afloramentos rochosos no Planalto do Itatiaia, SE do Brasil). O objeto deste estudo foi a flora que se distribui em ilhas de vegetação isoladas sobre a superfície rochosa, no Planalto do Itatiaia (22°21'S e 44°40'W), a 2.400 m de altitude. Foi encontrado um total de 114 espécies vasculares, correspondendo a ca. 20%-25% da flora total atualmente inventariada do Planalto, em 197 pequenas ilhas de vegetação (área total de 0,034 ha). Xerófitas e hidrófitas com freqüência ocorrem lado a lado devido à forte heterogeneidade ambiental em pequena escala espacial, explicando em parte a alta diversidade local. Superfícies rochosas podem abrigar floras muito distintas do entorno em função de fortes filtros ambientais contrastantes, mas no Itatiaia os padrões de distribuição geográfica de plantas rupícolas assemelham-se aos dos campos no entorno, com 15,1% das espécies sendo endêmicas restritas e seis sendo estritamente rupícolas. Destacando a natureza "t...

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Phytogeography

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Checklist of angiosperms from the Pedra Furada Municipal Park, northeastern Brazil

Checklist of angiosperms from the Pedra Furada Municipal Park, northeastern Brazil

Floristic diversity of two crystalline rocky outcrops in the Brazilian northeast semi-arid region

Species composition and biogeographic relations of the rock outcrop flora on the high plateau of Itatiaia, SE-Brazil

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