Phytoestrogens derived from red clover: An alternative to estrogen replacement therapy?

Beck, Verena; Rohr, Uwe D.; Jungbauer, Alois

doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2004.12.038

Cited by 218 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 169 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…Soyasaponin I more potently induced PR protein, which is an endogenous estrogen responsive gene, than soyasapogenol (data not shown). Beck et al (2005) and Shutt and Cox (1972) reported that the isoflavones, genistin, genistein, and daidzein, activated ER-mediated transcription, without direct receptor interaction. However, soyasapogenol B exhibited potent cytotoxicity against various tumor cells, such as HepG2, A549, HeLa and MCF7 cells, although its glycoside soyasaponin I barely showed any cytotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Soyasaponin I by Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Estrogenic and Cytotoxic Effects

Chang¹,

Han²,

Han³

et al. 2009

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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-Metabolites of Soyasaponin I, a major constituent of soybean, by human intestinal microflora were investigated by LC-MS/MS analysis. We found four peaks, one parental constituent and three metabolites:which was an unknown metabolite, soyasapogenol B 3-β-D-glucuronide. When soyasaponin I was incubated with the human fecal microbial fraction from ten individuals for 48 h, soyasaponin I was metabolized to soyasapogenol B via soyasaponin III and soyasapogenol B 3-β-D-glucuronide or via soyasaponin III alone. Both soyasaponin I and its metabolite soyasapgenol B exhibited estrogenic activity. Soyasaponin I increased the proliferation, mRNA expression of c-fos and pS2, in MCF7 cells more potently than soyasapogenol B. However, soyasapogenol B showed potent cytotoxicity against A549, MCF7, HeLa and HepG2 cells, while soyasaponin I did not. The cytotoxicity of soyasapogenol B may prevent its estrogenic effect from increasing dose-dependently. These findings suggest that orally administered soyasaponin I may be metabolized to soyasapogenol B by intestinal microflora and that soyasapogenol B may express a cytotoxic effect rather than an estrogenic effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of Soyasaponin I by Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Estrogenic and Cytotoxic Effects

Chang¹,

Han²,

Han³

et al. 2009

Biomolecules and Therapeutics

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“…In recent years, it is widely used in preparations, particularly in Europe and America. During menopause, herbal treatment is preferred instead of hormone therapy, since hormone replacement therapy possesses breast and uterine cancer risk (Davis 2001;Djuric et al, 2001;Lu et al, 2001;Ganry, 2002;van de Weijer & Barentsen, 2002;Mishra et al, 2003;Arjmandi et al, 2003¸ Magee & Rowland, 2004Beck et al, 2005;Howes et al, 2006). Although, primary effects are seen on pre and post-menopausal symptoms, it is also used for prevention of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis, and regulation of blood lipid profile (Lissin & Cooke, 2000;Cesar et al, 2006;Smiley & Khalil, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro isoflavonoid production and analysis in natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense (red clover) calluses

Erçetin¹,

Toker²,

Kartal³

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Isoflavones are polyphenolic phytoestrogens, predominantly found in leguminous plants. Trifolium pratense L., Fabaceae (red clover), is rich in isoflavones that possess estrogenic activity due to their similar molecular structure and effectiveness in preventing health conditions such as menopause, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and hormone-dependent cancers. In this study, presence and amount of various phytoestrogens in the tetraploid plant and in the calluses derived from the plants were investigated. Calluses were generated from explants obtained from natural tetraploid T. pratense seedlings. The best callus formation was obtained from hypocotyl explants cultured in Phillips Collins and Gamborg B5 media containing different plant growth regulators. Flowers of plants and calluses were analysed for formononetin, biochanin A, genistein and daidzein contents using HPLC. In HPLC analysis, high levels of formononetin (0.249 µg/mg) were determined in natural tetraploid T. pratense flowers in addition to genistein and biochanin A. In calluses, highest isoflavone content (1.15 µg/mg formononetin) was observed in modified Gamborg B5 medium. Biochanin A content of calluses and the plant were found to be nearly the same. But formononetin and genistein contents of the calluses in this medium were found to be respectively 4.62 and 21.39 folds higher than the tetraploid plant.

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“…Biocanina A e formononetina são precursores metilados da genisteína e daidzeína, respectivamente; e no intestino são convertidas por bactérias em suas respectivas agliconas. A absorção das várias isoflavonas varia entre indivíduos devido às diferenças na microbiota intestinal (BECK et al, 2005).…”

Section: Fitoestrógenosunclassified

“…Esses novos compostos produzidos pelo metabolismo podem ter diferentes efeitos biológicos e maior atividade estrogênica que as isoflavonas originais (OSOSKI & KENNELLY, 2003;BECK et al, 2005).…”

Section: Fitoestrógenosunclassified

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Avaliação do efeito da isoflavona sobre o epitélio cérvico-vaginal e sintomas da menopausa

Rodrigues¹

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Phytoestrogens derived from red clover: An alternative to estrogen replacement therapy?

Cited by 218 publications

References 169 publications

Metabolism of Soyasaponin I by Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Estrogenic and Cytotoxic Effects

Metabolism of Soyasaponin I by Human Intestinal Microflora and Its Estrogenic and Cytotoxic Effects

In vitro isoflavonoid production and analysis in natural tetraploid Trifolium pratense (red clover) calluses

Avaliação do efeito da isoflavona sobre o epitélio cérvico-vaginal e sintomas da menopausa

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