Phytochemicals from Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Skin Extract with Potential for Pharmacological Activity

Abstract

Background: Plant phenolics, commonly present in legumes, leafy vegetables, fruits, grains are a key source of bioactive nutrients existing as flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, phytosterols, among others. Peanuts, being crops of high commercial use, undergo processing that generates voluminous agro-wastes. The waste comprises both the shells and skins, which could be valorized. Its versatile functionality has encouraged extensive research into peanut skin-derived chemicals for diverse applications over the past few decades. Peanut skin, however, is ascertained to be rich in flavonoids, stilbenes (resveratrol), and other phenolic compounds. Methods: This review presents the biologically active compounds and pharmacological activities of peanut skins and their related works over the past few years. Articles carefully chosen from broad databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, Pub Med, SciFinder, among others, were used as the primary data. Results: The bioactive components of peanut skin extracts exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-cancer/anti-tumour, anti-cardiovascular, and anti-diabetes/obesity activities via in vitro and in vivo models. Besides, their varied biological properties make them potential precursors for the management of diverse diseases and ailments. Potential applications: Phytochemicals from peanut skins could be deployed as an antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial agents in drugs for the clinical treatment of ailments with extensive clinical applications. Conclusion: The present review covers the chemistry and pharmacological activities of peanut skin phytochemicals. Our findings in this review substantiate the importance of peanut skin extracts and their varied potential for the treatment of specific diseases. The results indicate that they are attractive target compounds for the development of new drugs. We hope that this information will inform further in vivo studies on the role of peanut skin phenolic compounds in our health.

Role of Some Food by Product Extracts Compared to Silymarin as Protective Agents against Acute Liver Injury in Paracetamol Overdose-Exposed Rats

“…In general, phenolic and flavonoid compounds were suggested to be responsible for a large number of biological and pharmacological attributes of these byproducts, such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, etc. (de Camargo et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2020;Kyei et al, 2021).…”

“…In fact, studies on the biological effects of peanut skins are somewhat few. Kyei et al (2021) reviewed the potential pharmacological activities of phytochemicals from peanut skin extracts. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that they exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-cancer/anti-tumor, anti-cardiovascular, and weight-lowering properties.…”

Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Ethylacetate Extract of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Stems: In-Vitro and In-Silico Studies with Bibliometric Analysis

“…The results showed that ME, EAE, and MR samples from Arachis hypogaea L. stems contained terpenoids, saponins, tannins/polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The results were by several studies showed that A. hypogaea L. stems contain polyphenols, flavonoids (Kyei et al, 2021), saponins (Kuang et al, 2017), terpenoids, tannins, and alkaloids (Prabasheela et al, 2015).…”

Structure-property Relationship of Flavonoids as Potential Green Inhibitors for Oilfield Scales: A Mini-review

“…Thousands of distinct flavonoids exist in nature, some of the most common being quercetin, rutin, catechin, kaempferol, myricetin and fisetin Flavonoids are derivatives of 2 benzopyran-4-one. Depending on their structure, they can be classified as flavones, flavonols, flavan-3-ols, flavanones, isoflavones and anthocyanidins [35]. Their basic structure is the aglycone, but they also occur as the glycosides and methylated derivatives.…”

“…Flavonoids are natural polyphenolics which are found mainly in the tissue of higher vascular plants. They structurally consist of two benzene rings (A and B) joined by an oxygen-bearing Thousands of distinct flavonoids exist in nature, some of the most common being quercetin, rutin, in and fisetin [35]. Flavonoids are derivatives of 2-phenyl-1one.…”