Role of Some Food by Product Extracts Compared to Silymarin as Protective Agents against Acute Liver Injury in Paracetamol Overdose-Exposed Rats

Abstract

In paracetamol (PCM) overdose-exposed rats, the hepato-protective properties of ethanolic extracts from grape seeds and peanut skins (GSEE and PSEE, respectively) were compared to silymarin in this study. The total amount of phenolic and flavonoids as well as the ability to scavenge radical DPPH of GSEE and PSEE were measured. Twenty adult male albino rats were split evenly into five groups for the in vivo evaluation; including the control group (GI), while PCM treated group (GII) got paracetamol once orally for 14 days at a dosage of 640 mg/kg/day, with no protective treatment. Silymarin (50 mg /kg /day), and 200 mg /kg /day of either GSEE or PSEE were given concurrently with PCM to GIII, GIV and GV, respectively. PCM overdose led to a significant elevation in the activities of transaminases and alkaline phosphatase (84.00±10.64, 396.00±49.44, and 579.67±72.00 U/L versus 44.00±5.72, 178.00±22.09, and 322.0±40.58 U/L in control group), along with an obvious decline in serum proteins. In the liver, the lipid profile was disrupted associated with a marked elevation in oxidative and inflammation markers, which was further confirmed by histological examination. These disorders were alleviated by the administration of food waste extracts. Even while PSEE showed a little increase in total phenolic, flavonoids and DPPH radical scavenging ability (604.45, 542.05, and 618.59 versus 583.70 mg gallic acid equivalent, 503.80 mg catechin equivalent, and 550.44 mg Trolox equivalent, respectively/g GSEE), GSEE was the nearest treatment when compared to silymarin. This study suggests GSEE and PSEE as alternative therapies for paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.