Phytochemicals for the prevention of breast and endometrial cancer

Cline, J. Mark; Hughes, Claude L.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6189-7_7

Cited by 65 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Cinnamic acid in Aloe vera, ellagic acid (a polyphenol organic acid, found in berries, green tea, guava, pecans, and walnuts), ferulic acid in oats and rice, gallic acid in tea, oxalic acid in coffee, spinach, and tea, and salicylic acid in peppermint are a few examples [25]. Ellagic acid is a reactive epoxide scavenger that inhibits DNA methylation and DNA topoisomerase [26].…”

Section: Organic Acids and Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibrous polysaccharides also bind carcinogens, lower bile acids, and modulate estrogen metabolism [26]. Polysaccharides from the TCM adaptogen ginseng up regulates granzyme and perforin expression and increases the whole blood natural killer cell (NKC) concentration leading to increased NKC cytotoxicity and decreased radiation therapy adverse effects [27].…”

Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isothiocyanates: Allium compounds found in garlic induce glutathione s-transferase (GST) and microsomal monooxygenases [26]. Garlic, onion, and turnips are isothiocyanate sources.…”

Section: Organosulphur Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flavonoids are antioxidants, anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, active oxygen species scavengers, electrophiles, metal chelators, hydrogen peroxide producers, nitrosation inhibitors, and phase I detoxification enzyme modulators [25,26,43]. Flavones, flavanones, flavonols, flavanonols, isoflavones, flavanols, anthocyanidins and anthocyanins comprise the flavonoid category.…”

Section: Phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutraceuticals: Curative Integrative Cancer Treatment

Nwanodi¹

2017

Altern Integr Med

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Statement of Purpose: Although 75% of breast cancer patients may use integrative medicine, only 11.5% earlystage breast cancer patients believe integrative medicine has anticancer activity. The gap in users of and firm believers in integrative medicine indicates a need to increase awareness of integrative medicine's applicability to curative cancer treatment. As diet, nutraceuticals, and traditional Chinese medicine are used by up to 82% of cancer patients who use integrative medicine, this paper focuses on nutraceuticals. As female cancer patients are most likely to use integrative medicine, nutraceuticals specific to breast, cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancer are reviewed.Methods: PubMed searches in September 2016 and January 2017, and accompanying hand searches were performed for English language, free full text articles published from 2012 onwards. Search terms were combinations of the key words: Homeopathy, phytochemicals, breast cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, ovarian cancer, cancer, prevention, treatment. Curative nutraceutical treatments were taken from these searches. Supplemental hand searches were performed as needed. Findings:Integrative nutraceutical therapies are based on biologic plausibility. Individual nutraceuticals are frequently comprised of numerous phytochemical types, and have multiple mechanisms of action. Agonistantagonist mechanisms are not exclusive to phytoestrogens, complicating which derivative or whole nutraceutical to use. Research on breast and cervical cancer inhibitors has seemingly outpaced that for endometrial and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer inhibitors include terpenes, isoflavones, organosulphurs, organoselenium compounds, and withanolides. Conclusion and Significance:Potential nutraceutical candidates for curative cancer treatment abound. Discerning which constituents, which extraction method, and which delivery method to use for an efficacious treatment is an essential, lengthy process. If nutraceuticals such as limonene and Kahalalide F move forward to Phase III trials a nutraceutical cancer treatment pipeline may be established. Withaferin-A and derivatives for breast and ovarian cancer appear to be the leading gynecologic cancer nutraceutical drug candidates.

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Section: Organic Acids and Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isothiocyanates: Allium compounds found in garlic induce glutathione s-transferase (GST) and microsomal monooxygenases [26]. Garlic, onion, and turnips are isothiocyanate sources.…”

Section: Organosulphur Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutraceuticals: Curative Integrative Cancer Treatment

Nwanodi¹

2017

Altern Integr Med

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“…2,3) Soybeans and soybean-related foods are a good source of phytochemicals, including phytoestrogens such as genistein and daidzein. It is well known that isoflavones have a variety of biological activities including anticancer effects.…”

Section: P < < < <005 Respectively) It Is Suggested That Both Genimentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive Effects of Isoflavones, Genistein and Daidzein, on Estradiol‐17β‐related Endometrial Carcinogenesis in Mice

Zhou

Niwa

Tagami

et al. 2001

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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The effects of isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) on endometrial carcinogenesis in mice were investigated in two experiments. In the short-term experiment (2 weeks), single subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of genistein [1 mg/30 g body weight (b.w.)] significantly decreased the levels of estradiol-17β β β β (E 2 ) (5 ppm in diet)-induced expression of c-jun, interleukin-1α α α α (IL-1α α α α) and tumor necrosis factor-α α α α (TNF-α α α α) mRNAs in the uteri of ovariectomized mice (P < < < <0.005, P < < < <0.05 and P < < < <0.01, respectively). Daidzein significantly inhibited E 2 -induced expression of c-fos and IL-1α α α α (P < < < <0.01, P < < < <0.01 respectively). In the long-term experiment (30 weeks), 140 female ICR mice were given N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-containing solution (1 mg/100 g b.w.) and normal saline (as controls) into their left and right uterine corpora, respectively. They were divided into six groups; group 1 was given E 2 (in diet) alone. Group 2 was given E 2 and genistein (1 mg/30 g b.w., s.c., every four weeks). Group 3 was exposed to E 2 and daidzein (1 mg/30 g b.w., s.c., every four weeks). Groups 4 and 5 respectively received genistein and daidzein, and were kept on the basal diet. Group 6 was kept on the basal diet and served as a control. At the termination of the experiment, incidences of endometrial adenocarcinoma and atypical endometrial hyperplasia of the group given E 2 and genistein or daidzein were significantly lower than of the group with E 2 alone (P < < < <0.01 and P < < < <0.05, respectively). It is suggested that both genistein and daidzein have an inhibitory effect on estrogen-related endometrial carcinogenesis in mice, possibly by suppressing expression of estrogen-induced estrogen-related genes c-fos and c-jun, and internal cytokines IL-1α α α α and TNF-α α α α through a cytokine and estrogen receptor-mediated pathway.

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