Phytochemical Screening, Elemental and Proximate Analysis of Maerua angolensis (Capparaceaea) Stem Bark

Abstract

This work was designed to explore the phytochemicals, elemental and proximate analysis of Maerua angolensis Stem bark were determined using standard analytical methods. The phytochemical screening showed alkaloid (271.30 mg /100 g), tannins (340.25 mg /100 g), flavonoid (176.85 mg /100 g), reducing sugar (41.20 mg /100 g), glycosides (184.30 mg /100 g), steroids (112.30 mg /100 g), anthraquinones (167.85 mg /100 g) and saponin (225.61 mg /100 g). Also the elemental analysis carried out revealed that the concentration of Manganese (0.02 9 mg/kg), Copper (0.059 mg/kg), Calcium (0.070 mg/kg), Sodium (7.530 mg/kg), Zinc (0.028 mg/kg), Chromium (0.158 mg/kg), Lead (0.007 mg/kg), Iron (0.100 mg/kg) and Magnesium (0.020 mg/kg). The result of the proximate composition showed that the moisture, fat, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, carbohydrate and energy value content of the samples were 3.58±0.04%, 6.25±0.09%, 21.79±0.26%, 48.51±2.31%, 13.28±1.86%, 6.60±1.79% and 169.81±8.49 kcal/100 g respectively. The pH value obtained was 5.65±0.09. These indicate that the plant can be effective source for drugs. The elemental and proximate analysis shows that it contained appreciable amount of nutrients which could be included in diets to supplement human daily nutrient needs and animal.

Nutritional and Phytochemical Content of Cissus populnea (Okoho) Stem Bark

“…These concentrations show that the stem bark of Cissus populnea is nutritionally rich especially in carbohydrates and crude fibre. The carbohydrate [27,31]. An average person requires 2000-3000 kcal per day [32].…”

Proximate, Elemental and Anti-nutrients Composition of Pumpkin Seed (<i>cucurbita maxima duch ex lam</i>) Obtained from Duvu Mubi South Adamawa State, Nigeria

“…If the body doesn't get Ca enough from the food we eat they automatically takes the Ca needed from the bones and if the body continue to take more Ca than it replaces over a period of years the bones will become weak and break easily (Payne, 1990). Calcium ions are also necessary for the normal functioning of nerve and muscles [29,30].…”

Maerua angolensis DC. (Capparaceae): A Review of its Medicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties

“…Leaves and stem bark [16,68] Chromium (µg/g) 1.0 Roots [44] Cobalt (mg/kg) 2.5 Leaves [25] Condensed tannin (g/kg) 0.4 Leaves [26] Copper (mg/100g) 4.7 Leaves [16] Crude fibre (%) 15.0 -48.5…”

“…Leaves and stem bark [16,68] Crude oil (%) Tetradecanoic acid -Aerial parts [29] Total flavonoids (mg QE/g of fraction) 0.9 -12.0 Leaves and stem bark [80,81] Total extractable phenolics (g/kg dry matter) 10.0 -11.4 Leaves [24,25] Total condensed tannins (g/kg dry matter) 0.03 -3.4 Leaves [24,25] Vitamin C (mg/100g) 3.9 Leaves [16] Zinc (mg/100g) 3.2 Leaves [16] include alkaloids, anthraquinones, betaines, cyanidin, fatty acids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, nutritional compounds, minor and major elements (Table 2).…”

“…Other phytochemical compounds identified from the leaves and stem bark of M. angolensis include amino acids, cardiac glycosides, esters, glucosinolates, phenols, resins, saponins, sterols, steroids, terpenoids and triperpenoids [52,[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68].…”