Phytochemical Screening by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (Hplc) and Antimicrobial Activity of Different Solvent Fractions of Areca Nuts Against Bacillus Subtilis Biofilm

Abstract

Areca nut commonly known as Supari is in use since 15 th century. Plaque formation is one of the main reasons for deterioration of teeth. In this research work, the effect of areca nut on plaque formation was checked. For this, plaque forming microorganisms were isolated from healthy human teeth. A total of 100 samples were collected from individuals possessing healthy teeth. From these samples, five microorganisms were isolated which included Staphylcoccus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Klebsiella sp. Only Bacillus sp. was found common in teeth of all subjects. It was able to grow biofilm in the Luria Bertani (LB) broth after 24 hours of incubation at 37 °C. Bacillus sp. was revealed to be Bacillus subtilis by 16s rRNA sequencing (Macrogen®). The extracts of areca nuts were prepared in ethanol, methanol, chloroform and water. Both disc and well diffusion methods were employed to check the antimicrobial activity of these extracts. Areca nuts exhibited antimicrobial activity in all extracts except chloroform. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) confirmed the presence on antimicrobial compounds i.e. quercetin and cinnamic acid. The biofilm growing ability of B. subtilis was interrupted up to 40 % by using 100 % ethanol and water extracts. For demolishing the established biofilm, 50 % of all extracts were found to be effective. It can be concluded that areca nut was effective for combating the biofilm formation by B. subtilis. It can be used in mouth wash formulations to get rid of plaque formation on teeth.

Aktivitas Antibiofilm Ekstrak dan Fraksi-Fraksi Biji Pinang (Areca catechu L.) Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923

“…J Pharm Sci Clin Res, 2022, 01 57 Shamim & Maryam (2017) dalam penelitiannya menggunakan ekstrak air, metanol dan etanol biji pinang sebagai antibiofilm terhadap B. subtilis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 100% masing-masing ekstrak biji pinang (ethanol, metanol dan air) memiliki aktifitas antibiofilm terhadap bakteri B. subtilis secara berturut-turut sebesar 40%, 30%, dan 60%.…”