Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Assay and Cytotoxic Profile for Different Extracts of Chrysopogon zizanioides Roots

Abstract

The Chrysopogon zizanioides plant possesses multiple traditional uses, especially in therapeutics, but only a few articles have reported its biological activity. Hence, the present study was planned to explore the phytochemical constituents, cytotoxic potential, radical scavenging activity, and GC/MS (Gas chromatography & Mass spectrometry) analysis of the vetiver root extracts. The roots extracted with different solvents exhibited more significant phytochemical constituents in polar solvents in comparison to non‐polar ones, favoring the extraction of a greater number of components in highly polar solvents. All the extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity using SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay. They confirmed ethanolic extract as a potent extract with GI50 56±0.5 μg/ml in oral cancer (SCC‐29B) along with no cytotoxicity in healthy cells (Vero cells), making it a safer therapeutic option in comparison to standard Adriamycin. This extract was also analyzed for its antioxidant potential by DPPH (1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl) assay with IC50 value 10.73 μg/ml, which was quite comparable to Ascorbic acid having IC50 value 4.61 μg/ml. The quantitative analysis of ethanolic extract exhibited 107 compounds amongst which Khusenic acid, Ascorbic acid, Junipen, gamma‐Himachalene, alpha‐Guaiene were the majorly occurring compounds that can be explored further for their cytotoxic activity.

Codelivery of Phytochemicals with Conventional Anticancer Drugs in Form of Nanocarriers

“…Because of the limitations of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, there is an urgent need for novel cancer treatment. Recently, plant-derived agents, namely phytochemicals, have drawn the attention of researchers as a new treatment modality for cancer owing to various attributes of less adverse effects, action through multiple pathways and cost-effectiveness [ 2 , 10 ]. From ancient times, humans have made great use of plants for treatment of various kinds of ailments, including cancer [ 41 ].…”

“…Despite remarkable progress in treatment of cancer, the prevalence and fatality rates are highest throughout the world [ 1 ]. According to a report generated by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2020, approximately 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths due to cancer were reported across the world, whilst the new cases and deaths due to cancer in India were 1.32 million and 0.8 million, respectively [ 2 ]. This extremely endemic illness is currently thought to be the second most common cause of mortality, having a significant impact on low- and middle-income countries both physically and economically [ 3 ].…”

Phenolics, Flavonoids Content and Antioxidant Activities of Tuber indicum at Different Maturity Stages

“…[19] A lower EC 50 value can represent a stronger DPPH * scavenging activity. [20,21] In our study, the EC 50 value calculated by GraphPad Prism based on the raw data was used for a more intuitive comparison of the antioxidant activity of T. indicum at different maturity stages. For the samples at different maturity stages, the EC 50 values ranged from 1.13 mg/mL to 2.62 mg/mL, which further demonstrated antioxidant activity of the test samples had the significant differences (P < 0.05) (Table 2).…”

Unboxing the molecular modalities of mutagens in cancer

“…Also, how these DNA adducts are identified using sophisticated molecular techniques such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and fluorescent methods in the measurement of DNA adducts is an important concept, preventing adduct formation and cellular damage. Many studies have explored the therapeutic potential of natural compounds and phytochemical extracts in reducing the countereffects of these mutagens in various carcinomas (Grover et al 2021).…”