Phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential and DFT study of Araucaria columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook. Branch extracts

Abstract

In the present study, phytochemical investigation, antioxidant potential and quantum study on the dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol extracts of Araucaria columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook.branches have been carried out. The ethanol extract has higher total bioactive contents as compare with DCM extract such as total polyphenolic contents, total flavonoids contents, and total tannin contents. The phytochemical quantification and volatile composition of most bioactive extract (ethanol) has been carried out by RP-HPLC-DAD (9-compounds) and GC-MS (19-compounds). The antioxidant potential was demonstrated using free radical scavenging, phosphomolybdenum, metal chelating, and reducing power assays. The ethanol extract has higher antioxidant potential. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been carried out on major phytochemicals of ethanol extract. The current findings revealed an excellent concentration of bioactive compounds in A. columnaris (G. Forst.) Hook. branch, which reaffirms the great significance of the current work and benefaction to natural products chemistry.

Phytochemistry, Chemotaxonomy, and Biological Activities of the Araucariaceae Family—A Review

“…As Table 2 clearly shows, not all the existing species of this genus have been studied, too. For what concerns the collection sites of the studied species, most of the phytochemical works reported regard species collected in Oceania, South-Eastern Asia, or Southern America [ 6 , 8 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 67 , 70 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 87 , 88 ]. Only in a few cases, the phytochemical works regarded species collected in other areas of the world such as Europe and Africa [ 63 , 68 , 69 , 72 , 73 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ].…”

“…Nevertheless, many other organs have been considered for their phytochemical constituents for this genus. In particular, these organs are: the generic aerial parts [ 78 , 79 ], the foliage [ 81 ], the bark [ 44 , 74 ], the bracts [ 45 ], the branches [ 65 , 75 ], the cells [ 57 ], the dead bark [ 46 ], the female strobili [ 48 ], the knots [ 50 , 51 ], the needles [ 52 , 53 , 73 ], the oleoresin [ 71 , 72 ], the resin [ 54 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 67 ], the resin oil [ 81 ], the resin from the stems [ 86 ], the seeds [ 47 , 55 ], the stem bark resin [ 84 ], the whole plant [ 56 , 77 ], and the wood [ 62 ]. In one case i.e., A.cunninghamii from India, the study on the foliage was further divided into fresh and senescent foliage [ 81 ], and in one further case i.e., A. columnaris from China, twigs and leaves were studied together [ 80 ].…”

“…By the way, these compounds have actually been used as chemotaxonomic markers at the genus level even if their occurrence seems, now, to be extended at the whole family level [ 22 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Several other sub-classes of natural compounds, including triterpenes, lignans, simple flavonoids, and organic acids, have been recorded for this genus [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 50 , 51 , 54 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 62 , 68 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 75 , 77 , 80 , 82 , 84 , 88 ]. For what concerns the methodology, in only a few cases, the essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation [ 81 , 83 , 87 ] whereas in all the other cases, solvent extraction and solvent distillation methods were used.…”

“…For what concerns the methodology, in only a few cases, the essential oil was obtained through hydrodistillation [ 81 , 83 , 87 ] whereas in all the other cases, solvent extraction and solvent distillation methods were used. In all the cases, multiple and different GC analyses were used for the separation and identification of the essential oil metabolites [ 8 , 63 , 65 , 75 , 81 , 83 , 84 ]. In this context the presence of improbable natural constituents should be underlined [ 34 ], such as siloxane and silyl-derivatives, in the case of the stem bark exudate (resin) of A. cunninghamii [ 84 ] since in that work the methanolic extract was injected in GC-MS without previous derivatization.…”

A plant-mediated synthesis of nanostructured hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications: a review

“…Sometimes, HPLC is coupled with other techniques such as gas chromatography (GC), and modied or optimized to obtain chemical ngerprints of plants. [80][81][82][83][84][85][86] Chemical ngerprint is the constituents of a plant that determine the active ingredients and identies the available impurities. 80 HPLC is one of the important techniques for alkaloid metabolite extraction and analysis.…”