Phytochemical Profile and Pharmacological Activities of Water and Hydroethanolic Dry Extracts of Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Herb

Abstract

According to the WHO data (2017), depression is the most predominant disease worldwide, with about 300 million people suffering from it, and bipolar disorder is the second most common. Therefore, it is relevant to research new medicines based on medicinal herbal raw materials with anti-anxiety and antidepressant effects. Common heather (Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.), a flowering plant of the Ericaceae family, is a promising species for research in this area. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical profile and several biological activities of hydroethanolic dry extracts from the C. vulgaris herb. Nineteen phenolic substances were identified and quantified in the extracts by HPLC. The quantitative content of the basic groups of biologically active compounds was determined by spectrophotometry. Arbutin was dominant among the hydroquinone derivatives; chlorogenic acid among the hydroxycinnamic acids; rutin, hyperoside and quercetin-3-D-glucoside among the flavonoids; and (+)-gallocatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin among the tannin metabolites. The water and hydroethanolic extract were compared, the extract of C. vulgaris herb obtained with 70% hydroethanolic had the most pronounced anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anxiolytic, stress-protective, anti-anxiety and anti-depressant effects, and it is a promising substance for the development of new drugs or food supplements.

Phytochemical and Psychotropic Research of Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) Modified Dry Extracts

“…The extracts studied were administered orally in the form of aqueous solutions in a dose of 50 mg/kg corresponding to the therapeutic dose of the motherwort tincture 60 min before the start of the experiment. The control animals were given the appropriate amount of a saline solution [ 49 ].…”

Comparative study of phenolic compounds of the herb of Betonica L. genus species of flora of Ukraine

“…Separation of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins and their components was carried out by the reversed-phase chromatography using chromatographic column Discovery C18 sized 250×4.6 mm with a sorbent (silica gel modified with octadecyl groups) and a grain diameter of 5 μm. The chromatographic conditions are given in scientific sources [13][14][15].…”

“…Quantitative determination of total polyphenols was carried out by spectrophotometry in terms of pyrogalol according to the pharmacopoeial method (SPhU 2.0, Vol. 3 -pharmacopoeial monograph "Millefolii herba", p. 298) [13,16,17].…”

“…Determination of total flavonoids was carried out by absorption spectrophotometry in terms of apigenin, which is present in the herb of both investigated species of Betonica in the predominant amount. This method was modified and based on the reaction with 3 % solution of aluminum chloride after preliminary hydrolysis of flavonoids-glycosides to the corresponding aglycones (SPhU 2.0, Vol.3, Monograph "Leonuri cardiacae herba") [13,[16][17][18].…”

“…Hydroxycinnamic acids. Quantitative determination of hydroxycinnamic acids was carried out by the modified method of absorption spectrophotometry in terms of chlorogenic acid (SPhU 2.0, Vol.3, Monograph "Urticae folium") [13,16,17,19].…”