Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Ethanolic Extract from Tetragonula Bee

Abstract

Bees produce propolis, a mixture of bee saliva and gum produced by leaf buds and stems, which come out through plant's skin collected by bees. 1 The physical properties of raw propolis are hard and wax-like when fresh, but soft and very sticky when warm. It has a characteristic aromatic smell and odor; its range color varies from light to dark brown, red, yellow, or green, depending on its age and source.2 Chemical composition, which bees collect from the resinous plant parts, may influence its biological effect. 3 The composition of propolis depends on diverse vegetation, phytogeographic region, and time of the collection. 4 Results from previous researchers found more than 300 components contained in propolis i.e. aromatic acids; aromatics esters; flavanones; flavones and flavonol; chalcones and dihydrochalcones; terpenoids; acyclic hydrocarbons and esters; alcohols; aliphatic acids (short-chain); aliphatic esters; aliphatic fatty acids (long-chain) and esters; amino acids; aromatic hydrocarbons; acetophenones and other ketones; glycerol derivatives; steroids; sugars and sugar alcohols; and miscellaneous ingredients. The quantification of the phytochemical content of propolis can be determined Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Propolis Ethanolic Extract from Tetragonula Bee ABSTRACTObjective: This research aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and the antioxidant properties in vitro of three types propolis collected from the region of South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. Methods: Samples from three types of propolis: smooth, rough and mix were extracted with 96% ethanol. The propolis ethanolic extracts (PEE) was dried and studied their antioxidant properties by using FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and DPPH radical scavenging assays. Total phenolic compounds were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu, and total flavonoid contents were also quantitatively determined by the AlCl 3 colorimetric method with a microplate reader. The chemical compounds were identified by an ultraperformance liquid chromatography TOF mass spectrometer (UPLC-TOF-MS) using the MS E mode.

Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of Bee Pollen with Other Bee Products

“…According to the literature, the highest total phenolic compound content coinciding with this study were recorded in propolis samples and the lowest found in honey. Other researchers showed that the total phenolic compounds content in ethanolic beebread extracts ranged from 2.5 to 13.7 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g [37], in 50% ethanolic honey solutions from 0.38 to 0.86 mg GAE/g [38], in ethanolic propolis extracts from 269.6 to 426.9 mg GAE/g [39], in ethanolic bee pollen extract from 7.6 to 25.9 mg GAE/g [40]. In our study lower values were obtained, as water was used as extraction solvent.…”

Elastase Activity Inhibition by the Most Active Fraction of Star Fruit (Averrhoa Carambola L.) Leaves From Three West Java Regions

“…The TPC was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, as given by Singleton et al [18] and Pratami et al [19], with some modifications. Briefly, 25 µL of the sample or standard solution was mixed with 100 µL of 1:4 diluted Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, shaken for 60 s in a 96-well microplate and incubated for 4 min.…”

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Methanol Extract Fractions of Various Indonesian Ethnopharmacological Plants

“…To the solution, 2 ml sulfuric acid was added carefully. The formation of a reddish-purple colored ring at the junction between the two layers indicated the presence of glycosides [17].…”