Phytochemical Profile and Anticancer Potential of Endophytic Microorganisms from Liverwort Species, Marchantia polymorpha L.

Abstract

Liverwort endophytes could be a source of new biologically active substances, especially when these spore-forming plants are known to produce compounds that are not found in other living organisms. Despite the significant development of plant endophytes research, there are only a few studies describing liverwort endophytic microorganisms and their metabolites. In the presented study, the analysis of the volatile compounds obtained from thallose liverwort species, Marchantia polymorpha L., and its endophytes was carried out. For this purpose, non-polar extracts of plant material and symbiotic microorganisms were obtained. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Compounds with the structure of diketopiperazine in the endophyte extract were identified. Liverwort volatile extract was a rich source of cuparane-, chamigrane-, acorane-, and thujopsane-type sesquiterpenoids. The cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extracts from endophytic microorganisms was evaluated on a panel of cancer (FaDu, HeLa, and SCC-25) cell lines and normal (VERO), and revealed significant anticancer potential towards hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma.

Untargeted Metabolomics for Integrative Taxonomy: Metabolomics, DNA Marker-Based Sequencing, and Phenotype Bioimaging

“…Here, we found a large infrageneric chemical diversity in the tested Riccia species. Although our analytical extraction method and the data-dependent acquisition were optimized to acquire plant metabolites, endophytic fungi may have contributed specialized metabolites to the overall phytochemical profiles [ 6 , 62 ], similarly by exogeneous mycorrhizal fungi [ 63 , 64 ]. We also cannot rule out secondary colonization by microbials, as the Riccia thalli were mature, and upon spore development, thalli release spores by becoming cavernous.…”

Volatile chemical composition of Octoblepharum albidum Hedw. (Bryophyta) from the Brazilian Amazon

“…1 ). Neophytadiene is usually found in all green plants, as a product of chlorophyll degradation [ 40 ]. This compound was one of the most active obtained from the bio-oil produced from the residues of greenhouse tomato plants, exhibiting toxicity against Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say .…”

Bioactive Compounds Produced by Endophytic Microorganisms Associated with Bryophytes—The “Bryendophytes”

“…Subsequently, the plant material is subjected to surface decontamination, most commonly involving soaking in 70% ethanol (1 min), followed by soaking in sodium hypochlorite (2.5–3.25% NaOCl) for 4–6 min, one more soaking in ethanol (0.5–3 min), and finally rinsing (3–5 times) in sterile distilled water [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Another approach to decontamination involves soaking the plant material in 70% ethyl alcohol for 60 s, flaming it using a burner, and placing it in sterile water [ 19 ]. The literature also describes surface disinfection using 2% sodium hypochlorite containing 0.1% Tween 20 [ 20 ] or 36% formaldehyde solution for 7 min and a 0.1 M NaOH solution for 10 min [ 21 ].…”

“…Herein, proper isolation and culturing conditions should also be mentioned. To ensure that endophytes’ isolation and cultivation are carried out without microbial contamination, sterile materials are required under aseptic conditions [ 19 ].…”