Phytochemical and GCMS analysis on the ethanol extract of Foeniculum Vulgare and Petroselinum crispum leaves

Abstract

Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) and Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) are aromatic herbs belonging to Apiaceae and Lamiaceae family. Phytochemical, GC-MS and FTIR properties of ethanolic extract of Foeniculum vulgare and Petroselinum crispum leaves investigated. Plant leaves were extracted based on separation using ethanol and subjected to phytochemical testing that revealed the presence of biologically active substances including terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and cardiac glycosides. GC-MS evaluation of Foeniculum vulgare revealed two bioactive compounds (1,4 Cyclohexadiene and Metronidazole) and Petroselinum crispum revealed six bioactive compounds (Cineole, I-Limonene, Cyclohexane, Phenol, Neophytadiene and 9,12,15 octadecatrienoic). FTIR analysis of parsley displayed strong bands at 2915.50 cm -1 which corresponds to C-H stretching and medium band at 1476.80 cm -1 which corresponds to N-H stretching vibrations due to the presence of amino acids. Fennel displayed strong bands at 2832.61 cm -1 which is equivalent to C-H showing saturated and unsaturated compounds and medium band at 1029.98 cm -1 corresponds to C-O present in esters. Antibacterial activity of these plants confirmed their effectiveness in the traditional medicine.

Petroselinum crispum L., essential oil as promising source of bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities: In vitro and in silico predictions

“…On the other hand, it is known that lipid molecules surround and reside in the cytoplasmic membrane of enzymes like ATPases [ 10 ]. The hydrophobic properties of EOs and their constituents allow them to partition into the lipids of the bacterial cell membrane and mitochondria, causing structural distortion and increasing susceptibility to antimicrobial action, ultimately resulting in cell content leakage [ 52 ]. The specific mechanism of action and antibacterial activity of each constituent essential oil are therefore influenced by its molecular makeup.…”

“…Gram-negative bacteria consist of two layers that provide rigidity and protection to the cell [ 54 ]. In contrast, gram-positive bacteria lack the outer membrane, potentially making them more susceptible to the action of phenolic components present in EOs [ 52 ]. In fact, the lipophilic ends of the lipoteichoic acids in the cell membrane of Gram-positive bacteria may aid in the penetration of hydrophobic compounds, whereas the external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria makes their surfaces extremely hydrophobic [ 48 ].…”

Review on the Biological and Bioactive components of Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao). Insight on Food, Health and Nutrition

“…The antioxidant activities of cocoa are one of its most well-documented and significant attributes. Cocoa is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics and flavonoids, which contribute to its potent antioxidant properties (Aydinlik et al, 2021). Antioxidants play a vital role in the body by neutralizing harmful free radicals.…”