Phytochemical Analysis and in Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Annona Muricata L.

Abstract

The traditional medical methods, especially the use of medicinal plants still play a major role in the developing countries. The history of the use of herbal medicine may be as old as the history of mankind. Many of the herbs and spices used by humans as food which yields useful medicinal compounds. Annona muricata L. leaves are traditionally used to treat diabetes. People have been consuming raw leaves of Annona muricata L. to control blood glucose levels. The acetone, methanol, hot water and successive water leaf extracts of Annona muricata L. were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening of various plant constituents. The antioxidant potential of the Annona muricata L. leaves was established by total flavonoid content, FRAP assay, ABTS assay, Metal chelating activity, Phosphomolybdenum assay, Assay of superoxide radical scavenging activity, Free radical scavenging activity on DPPH along with the determination of total phenolic and tannin contents in the Annona muricata L. leaves extracts. This study aim is to evaluate bioactive constituents and invitro antioxidant activity of acetone, methanol, hot water and successive water extracts of Annona muricata L. leaf. Preliminary analysis revealed that all the four extracts responded positively for alkaloid, flavonoid, carbohydrate, glycosides, saponins, tannin, phytosterol and phenolics. The present study explored that Annona muricata L. shows efficient antioxidant activity and could act as safe and cost-effective with potential biological applications.

Self‐Assembling of Fmoc‐GC Peptide Nucleic Acid Dimers into Highly Fluorescent Aggregates

“…Unfortunately, even in the presence of only 10 % DMSO and 90 % CDCl 3 , signals from disaggregated Fmoc‐GC units are dominant in the spectra. In fact, in the 2D [ 1 H, 1 H] TOCSY experiments, the presence of four characteristic conformations for the monomeric GC PNA chain can be revealed (Figure S4A) and no clear NOE contacts between G and C could be found (Figure S4B) in the 2D [ 1 H, 1 H] NOESY spectrum . The presence of DMSO, the flexibility of the PNA backbone and the extensive line broadening of the aggregates with larger molecular weights, is surely influencing this outcome, hindering the observation of ordered aggregates in solution provided with canonical GC H‐bonds.…”

Formation, Stability and Cytotoxicity of Precursor Microemulsions to Prepare Core‐Shell Polymeric Nanoparticles for Pharmaceutical Applications

“…In total, eight transparent ME systems with droplet sizes between 6.35 and 10.16 nm were obtained in absence or presence of PTX (Table ). These nanometric droplet sizes enable ME to be sterilized by filtration in the case of future medical applications …”

“…Microemulsions (ME) were discovered by Hoar and Schulman in 1943; however, the term “microemulsion” was introduced 16 years later by Jack Schulman and coworkers: “A microemulsion is a system of water, oil and amphiphile which is a single, optically isotropic and thermodynamically stable liquid solution” . ME have at least three components: a polar and a nonpolar liquid phase (water and oil, respectively) and a suitable surfactant frequently in combination with a co‐surfactant such as a short chain aliphatic alcohol .…”

Structure‐activity studies of peptidomimetics based on kinase‐inhibitory region of suppressors of cytokine signaling 1

“…1D [ 1 H] proton experiments were recorded with a relaxation delay d1 = 1.5 s and 64 scans. 2D [ 1 H, 1 H] spectra were as well recorded and analyzed: TOCSY (Total Correlation Spectroscopy), NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy), and ROESY (Rotating Frame Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy). These sets of 2D experiments were generally measured with the following acquisition parameters: 16–64 scans, 128–256 FIDs in t1, 1,024 or 2,048 data points in t2, TOCSY mixing time equal to 70 ms, NOESY mixing time equal to 300 and ROESY mixing time equal to 250 ms. Water suppression was obtained with the DPFGSE (Double Pulsed Field Gradient Selective Echo) sequence.…”