Phytochemical analysis and acaricidal activity of Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Abstract

The indiscriminate use of chemical acaricides has allowed Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus to develop resistance to several active principles. However, botanical extracts have been tested as an alternative method to control those ticks. This experiment studied the chemical fingerprint and acaricidal effect of fresh and dry Aloe arborescens Mill. extracts on R. (B.) microplus. The acaricidal activity of extracts was assessed using in vitro assays with engorged females, and phytochemical characterization was performed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that fresh and dry A. arborescens extracts prepared with the solvents pure ethanol, ethanol-dichloromethane binary mixture, and ethanol-dichloromethane-acetone ternary mixture, contained water-soluble tannins and had a strong effect on the reproductive parameters of R. (B.) microplus demonstrated by a marked decreased in the number of eggs laid and in the larvae hatching rate (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001). R. (B.) microplus, pois observou-se queda acentuada no número de ovos postos e na taxa de eclosão das larvas (p < 0,05; p < 0,01; p < 0,001). Conclui-se que A. arborescens Mill possui componentes com efeito acaricida contra R. (B.) microplus e que a fitoterapia, com os extratos dessa planta, pode ser utilizada como método alternativo para o controle de R. (B.) microplus.

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“…The high acaricidal activity observed in the aqueous extract of Phytolacca dodecandra is in agreement with previous studies on several species of genus phytolaccaeae, which have shown that aqueous extract of leaves of these plants carry bio-active compounds with acaricidal properties (Armstrong, 2009). Tannins which were reported to have acaricidal properties (Matos et al, 2017) were found present in all the plant extracts though their abundance was quite different within the different plant extracts.…”

Ethnoveterinary Uses of Certain Yemeni Plants: A Review of the Scientific Evidence

“…Consequently, we suggest that the insecticidal activity of smoke from burning dead wood of Soqotraen B. dioscoridis could be attributed to α-thujene (9.3 %) and α-pinene (8.3 %), identified in the essential oil of the bark [108]. Similarly, related Aloe species such as fresh and dried A. arborescens leaves extracts (containing water-soluble tannins) were reported to exert in vitro acaricidal activity against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus engorged females [109], and the latex of some Euphorbiaceae species (containing diterpenes such as phorbol and its derivatives) showed toxicity against insects [86]. Thus, it is worth investigating the insecticidal activity of these plants.…”

Plant-Derived Natural Compounds for Tick Pest Control in Livestock and Wildlife: Pragmatism or Utopia?

“…Therefore, they have drawn attention from many research groups. Fresh and dry Aloe arborescens extracts prepared using various solvents (pure ethanol, ethanol-dichloromethane binary mixture, and ethanol-dichloromethane-acetone ternary mixture) containing water-soluble tannins show that tannins had a strong effect on the number of eggs laid and larval hatching rate of R. microplus [ 158 ]. Trials with CTs are more common.…”

“…Four tannin-rich plant extracts (Acacia pennatula, Piscidia piscipula, Leucaena leucocephala, and Lysiloma latisiliquum) showed acaricidal effects against larvae of R. microplus (54.8%, 88.14%, 66.79%, and 56.0%, respectively), but no effect on adults or egg-laying [84]. Ethanolic extracts prepared from the leaves of Schinopsis brasiliensis (CTs 0.36%), Piptadenia viridifora (CTs 1.01%), Ximenia americana (CTs 0.35%), and Serjania lethalis (CTs 3.37%) at 25 to 150 mg/mL were tested for A. nitens control [158,159]. Extracts of X. americana and P. viridifora showed effective inhibition of tick reproductive parameters (LC 90 78.9 and 78.9 mg/mL, respectively), even though these plant species have low CT concentrations.…”