Phytoavailability and potential transfer of Pb from a salt-affected soil toAtriplex verucifera, Salicornia europaeaandChenopodium album

Khodaverdiloo, Habib; Taghlidabad, Roghaie Hamzenejad

doi:10.1080/02757540.2013.861827

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The plants were harvested by cutting shoots at the soil surface and separating roots from soil, 4 months after their germination. After harvesting, subsamples of pot soil (≤2 mm) were taken and the 1 mol L −1 NH 4 NO 3 − extractable Pb concentrations were gained and assumed to be the main source of phyto‐available soil metal . To remove any surface soil or dust deposits, plant shoots, and roots were carefully washed with distilled water and then oven‐dried at 75° for 72 h and weighed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead (Pb) is among highly toxic and most widely PTEs at contaminated sites. It originates from various anthropogenic sources and causes a variety of health, environmental, and ecological problems …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most hyperaccumulator plants usually have low biomass and slow growth, which limits their application in large‐scale operations . Furthermore, while the total Pb concentrations are high in many of the contaminated sites, the bioavailable fraction of Pb is often very low in the soil environment, especially in calcareous soils due to complexation with various organic and inorganic soil colloids, sorption on oxides and clays, and precipitation as carbonate minerals . Since plants have the ability to extract soluble or free forms of Pb rather than the bound ones, mobilized Pb fraction usually is a major limiting factor for phytoremediation of Pb‐contaminated soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial‐Enhanced Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Calcareous Soil by Centaurea cyanus L

Karimi

Khodaverdiloo

Rasouli-Sadaghiani

2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Microbe‐assisted phytoremediation is a promising technology for remediation of potentially toxic element contaminated soils. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the effect of Pseudomonas spp. and Glomus spp. on phytoremediation of a Pb‐contaminated calcareous soil by Centaurea cyanus L. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors are microbial inoculation in three levels (mix inoculation with Glomus spp. or Pseudomonas spp. and non‐inoculated) and four Pb concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) in soil. The results revealed that microbial inoculation significantly increased the shoot dry weight and Pb accumulation in C. cyanus compared to non‐inoculated plants. Comparison of microbial treatments indicated that higher shoot Pb concentration, shoot modified bioconcentration factor (shoot mBCF, 5.33–5.63) and translocation factor (TF, 1.09–1.2) are obtained for Pseudomonas spp. inoculation, while higher plant biomass, plant Pb accumulation, root Pb concentration, root mBCF (5.91–6.46) and lower TF (0.77–0.99) are recorded for Glomus spp. inoculation. These results show that Pseudomonas spp. and Glomus spp. are more effective in phyotoextraction and phytostabilization of Pb by C. cyanus, respectively. It could be concluded that Pseudomonas spp. and Glomus spp. would be a promising strategy in bioremediation of Pb‐contaminated soils, especially at medium levels of soil Pb contamination (250 and 500 mg kg−1).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial‐Enhanced Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Calcareous Soil by Centaurea cyanus L

Karimi

Khodaverdiloo

Rasouli-Sadaghiani

2018

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Salinity is known to increase the bioavailability of metals in the soil, especially metals with high mobility like Cd (Weggler et al 2004;Khodaverdiloo and Hamzenejad Taghlidabad 2014;Taghlidabad et al 2014). Salinity also plays a key role in root-shoot metal translocation (Fitzgerald et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cadmium toxicity on the physiology and growth of a halophytic plant, Tamarix usneoides (E. Mey. ex Bunge)

Mayonde

Cron

Glennon

et al. 2020

International Journal of Phytoremediation

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Heavy metal polluted soils can be remediated using plants, a process called phytoremediation. However, high concentrations of heavy metals can negatively affect plant physiology and growth. We experimentally evaluated the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the growth, (i.e. height, shoot and biomass) and physiology (i.e. leaf chlorophyll and relative water contents) of Tamarix usneoides. In a greenhouse experiment, T. usneoides clones were subjected to a once off treatment of 100 mmol/l NaCl with three different Cd concentrations (6, 12, and 18 mg/kg) applied 3 times/ week for eight weeks. We predicted that plant health would decrease with an increase in Cd concentration. Results revealed a 35.9% reduction in chlorophyll content between the 18 mg/kg Cd treated plants and the control, suggesting that T. usneoides experienced a reduction in photosynthetic rate, which in turn influenced the growth and relative water content (RWC) of the plant. Although T. usneoides' growth and physiology were significantly decreased at 12 and 18 mg/kg Cd concentrations, the plants tolerated up to 6 mg/kg Cd concentration, a level found in most anthropogenic Cd-contaminated soils. Tamarix usneoides should thus be confirmed as a good phytoremediation candidate once its ability to extract, translocate and concentrate Cd has been determined.

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“…Accumulation of excess salt can also damage the soil structure and cause particle aggregation due to slaking, swelling, and dispersion effects (Jesus et al, 2015;Machado & Serralheiro, 2017). Additionally, high sodium content in soils can cause the increase of soil pH, called alkalization, leading to decreases in nutrient concentrations, heavy metal mobility and bioavailability (Khodaverdiloo & Hamzenejad Taghlidabad, 2014;Machado & Serralheiro, 2017).…”

Section: The Impact Of Salinity On Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Betacyanins in Plant Salt Tolerance

Karl¹

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Soil salinity is a major threat to future food stability. Almost 20% of irrigated land is currently too saline to grow traditional crops. Moreover, rising sea levels, scarcity of fresh water, and more intense and prolonged periods of drought are exacerbating the problem. Saline soils severely reduce yields of most crop plants. By contrast, halophytes, which naturally thrive on saline substrates, have a variety of mechanisms to tolerate both the osmotic and cytotoxic components of salt stress. There has been concerted scientific effort worldwide to understand these mechanisms, and to introduce genes that may increase salinity tolerance in crop plants. Many halophytes in the Caryophyllales are pigmented red owing to a tyrosine-derived alkaloid called betacyanin. Recent studies using Disphyma australe, a succulent halophyte common on coastal dunes and rocky outcrops throughout New Zealand, have indicated a role for betacyanins in salinity tolerance. This thesis focuses on how the mechanism through which betacyanins might affect salt tolerance mechanisms in D. australe and whether the putative benefits of betacyanins on salt tolerance might be transferred to naturally non-betacyanic plants. Effects of betacyanin on Na+ distribution in salt-stressed leaves of red and green morphs of D. australe were studied using fluorescence microscopy, cryo-scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). In betacyanic leaves Na+ accumulated in the epidermis, while in green leaves Na+ was distributed more evenly across the epidermis and mesophyll. Both leaf types had similar numbers of salt glands, but salt secretion rates were higher in red than in green leaves. Betacyanic leaves under salt stress were able to maintain relatively high K+/ Na+ ratios, essential for many metabolic processes, while the leaves of green plants were not. Leaf sections stained with fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide showed that mesophyll viability decreased significantly in green leaves under salt stress, while there was almost no decrease in mesophyll viability in the presence of betacyanins. Thus, betacyanic leaves might protect the photosynthetically active mesophyll from cytotoxic effects of Na+ by accumulating Na+ in the epidermis instead of the mesophyll. This in turn leads to more efficient salt secretion and higher K+/ Na+ ratios in the mesophyll, resulting in increased mesophyll viability under salt stress. Effects of high apoplastic sodium concentrations on ion flux kinetics in mesophyll tissue was studied using the non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation technique. Mesophyll cells of both betacyanic and green leaves showed a highly unusual K+ flux response; most crop plants leak K+ out of cells upon salt stress, but D. australe and the native Australian Disphyma crassifolium both showed K+ influx upon salt stress. Actively taking up K+ from the apoplast to maintain a high cytosolic K+/ Na+ ratio during salt stress might be an entirely new mechanism to combat the cytotoxic stress component of salinity stress in these halophytes. The salt induced K+ uptake was dependent on the presence of Cl- and Cl- was also taken up into mesophyll cells upon salt stress. Taking up both cations and anions at the same time could avoid membrane depolarisation. Voltage-gated channels, which are involved in the salt induced K+ efflux in glycophytes, would not be activated and this could be a new mechanism to avoid a K+ leak during salt stress. To test whether the beneficial effect of betacyanin production on salt tolerance could be transferred to naturally non-betacyanic plants, transgenic betacyanin-over-expression (BtOE) mutants of Nicotiana tabacum were generated by our colleagues at Plant & Food Research Ltd. Betacyanins in leaf discs of N. tabacum were associated with decreased chlorophyll degradation upon high light and high salt stress. Additionally, the decline in maximum quantum efficiency of PSII after high light and salt treatment was significantly greater in green than in betacyanic leaves. Placing a polycarbonate filter with a similar absorption spectrum to betacyanin over green N. tabacum leaf discs had a similar effect to the presence of betacyanin. Thus, betacyanins probably have a photoprotective effect in N. tabacum, which is essential as both high light and salinity can impair photosynthesis. To assess if the salt tolerance enhancing effect of betacyanin production observed in the leaf discs also occurs in whole N. tabacum plants, the ability to recover from exposure to saturating light was assessed. Betacyanic plants were able to fully recover quicker after exposure to saturation light than green leaves. This research shows that the presence of betacyanins during salt stress correlates with an altered Na+ distribution in leaf tissues and a higher salt secretion rate, which contributed to higher mesophyll viability. Moreover, a completely new ion flux response to salt stress was observed in D. australe and D. crassifolium. The observed salt induced K+ uptake into the mesophyll cells during salt stress might be an entirely new mechanism, to maintain a high K+/ Na+ ratio in the cytosol and avoid the cytotoxic effects of Na+ in photosynthetically active tissue. The beneficial effects of betacyanins could also be transferred to non-betacyanic species, by introducing betacyanin production. These results strongly suggest that betacyanins play a role in salt tolerance in halophytes and might be a valuable resource in increasing the salt tolerance of naturally non-betacyanic crop plants.

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Phytoavailability and potential transfer of Pb from a salt-affected soil toAtriplex verucifera, Salicornia europaeaandChenopodium album

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Microbial‐Enhanced Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Calcareous Soil by Centaurea cyanus L

Microbial‐Enhanced Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Calcareous Soil by Centaurea cyanus L

Effects of cadmium toxicity on the physiology and growth of a halophytic plant, Tamarix usneoides (E. Mey. ex Bunge)

The Role of Betacyanins in Plant Salt Tolerance

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