Microbial‐Enhanced Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Calcareous Soil by Centaurea cyanus L

Abstract

Microbe‐assisted phytoremediation is a promising technology for remediation of potentially toxic element contaminated soils. A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the effect of Pseudomonas spp. and Glomus spp. on phytoremediation of a Pb‐contaminated calcareous soil by Centaurea cyanus L. The study was carried out as a factorial experiment arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors are microbial inoculation in three levels (mix inoculation with Glomus spp. or Pseudomonas spp. and non‐inoculated) and four Pb concentrations (0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg−1) in soil. The results revealed that microbial inoculation significantly increased the shoot dry weight and Pb accumulation in C. cyanus compared to non‐inoculated plants. Comparison of microbial treatments indicated that higher shoot Pb concentration, shoot modified bioconcentration factor (shoot mBCF, 5.33–5.63) and translocation factor (TF, 1.09–1.2) are obtained for Pseudomonas spp. inoculation, while higher plant biomass, plant Pb accumulation, root Pb concentration, root mBCF (5.91–6.46) and lower TF (0.77–0.99) are recorded for Glomus spp. inoculation. These results show that Pseudomonas spp. and Glomus spp. are more effective in phyotoextraction and phytostabilization of Pb by C. cyanus, respectively. It could be concluded that Pseudomonas spp. and Glomus spp. would be a promising strategy in bioremediation of Pb‐contaminated soils, especially at medium levels of soil Pb contamination (250 and 500 mg kg−1).

Phytoremediation technique on the rehabilitation of contaminated areas and the application of Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) in this process: a narrative review

“…Among the rhizospheric bacteria with remediation potential, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus pumilus and Rhodococcus hoagii stand out (Viesser et al, 2020). Mycorrhizas also play an essential role in the rhizosphere microflora, aiding in the degradation processes of contaminants (Ashraf et al, 2019) and increasing the plants tolerance of contaminated soils (Karimi et al, 2018). Illustration made by the author and adapted from the studies of Muthusaravanan, et al (2018).…”

Fe-Modified Common Reed Biochar Reduced Cadmium (Cd) Mobility and Enhanced Microbial Activity in a Contaminated Calcareous Soil

“…The spiked soil was placed into plastic containers in three replicates for each treatment. The Cdspiked soil was mixed completely and incubated at 25°C under periodic wetting-drying moisture conditions (without drainage) for 7 months to achieve equilibrium distribution and homogenization of Cd in the soil (Karimi et al 2017a, b;Karimi et al 2018). After incubation period, the Cd-spiked soil was air-dried and prepared for future study.…”

“…The contamination of soils with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a global concern due to its harmful effects on soil biota and plant and human health (Karimi et al 2018;Khodaverdiloo et al 2020). Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic mobile PTE that is carcinogenic to all living organisms (Karimi et al 2018;Khodaverdiloo et al 2020).…”

“…The contamination of soils with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has become a global concern due to its harmful effects on soil biota and plant and human health (Karimi et al 2018;Khodaverdiloo et al 2020). Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic mobile PTE that is carcinogenic to all living organisms (Karimi et al 2018;Khodaverdiloo et al 2020). Anthropogenic activities, such as applying agrochemicals, smelting, mining, and irrigating wastewater irrigation, have accelerated Cd contamination in soils (Kamran et al 2019;Rajendran et al 2019).…”