Phyto-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Terminalia chebula Fruit Extract and Evaluation of Its Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Potential

Abstract

The increasing interest in developing potent non-toxic drugs in medicine is widening the opportunities for studying the usage of nanostructures in the treatment of various diseases. The present work reports a method for a facile and an eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Terminalia chebula fruit extract (TCE). The obtained AgNPs was characterized by using different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The analysis of the results revealed that the as-obtained AgNPs have spherical morphology with an average diameter of 22 nm. Furthermore, the preliminary bioactivity evaluations revealed that the bio-conjugation of AgNPs, using TCE, significantly enhanced the antibacterial and anti-breast cancer potentials of the latter. The antibacterial activity of the as-prepared AgNPs showed that B. subtilis was more sensitive towards the AgNPs, followed by P. aeruginosa; while, E. coli and S. mutans showed comparatively minimal sensitivity toward the AgNPs. The IC50 values of TCE, AgNPs and TCE + AgNPs treatment of MCF-7 were found to be 17.53, 14.25 and 6.484 µg/mL, respectively. Therefore, it can be ascertained that the bio-conjugation may provide a headway with regard to the therapeutic employment of T. chebula, upon mechanistically understanding the basis of observed antibacterial and anticancer activities.

Antimicrobial Properties of Lepidium sativum L. Facilitated Silver Nanoparticles

“…Other groups reported recently similar results with plant biosynthesized AgNP [ 13 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are susceptible to reported AgNP biohybrids [ 13 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

“…Other groups reported recently similar results with plant biosynthesized AgNP [ 13 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are susceptible to reported AgNP biohybrids [ 13 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. DD studies showed similar zones of inhibition for S. aureus (13/14 mm), E. coli (12 mm), and P. aeruginosa (9 mm) [ 13 ].…”

“…The Gram-positive pathogens can be arranged with slightly lower results in the order S. pneumoniae (15/13/12 mm), S. aureus (14/13/12 mm), S. pyogenes (13/12/11 mm), and E. faecalis (13/12/11 mm) (Table 4, Figure 5). Other groups reported recently similar results with plant biosynthesized AgNP [13,[25][26][27][28][29]. Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are susceptible to reported AgNP biohybrids [13,[25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…AgNP synthesis by Aaronsohnia factorovskyi revealed antibacterial action against S. aureus (19 mm), which is followed by P. aeruginosa (15.33 mm), E. coli, and B. subtilis with 13.83 mm in descending order [28]. Other groups reported recently similar results with plant biosynthesized AgNP [13,[25][26][27][28][29]. Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are susceptible to reported AgNP biohybrids [13,[25][26][27][28][29].…”

“…An agglomeration of AgNP reduces antimicrobial properties and is induced by the storing, aging, or degradation of the capping agent [ 18 ]. The size of AgNP depends on the pH level, concentration of silver ions, effectivity, and synergistic mechanisms of the available phytochemicals during the green synthesis [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. The plant constituents can enhance the antimicrobial properties of the AgNP [ 17 ].…”